Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Three-dimensional Optical-resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy
Published on: May 3, 2011
All-optical deaggregation from 8PSK to 3×BPSK based on FWM in HNLF
Abstract:
A scheme is proposed for all-optical deaggregation from one 30 G-bit/s eight-phase-shift-keying (8PSK) signal to three 10 G-bit/s binary-phase-shift-keying (BPSK) signals based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in high nonlinear fiber (HNLF) without information loss or redundancy. The coded information of three BPSK signals after the deaggregation represents every bit of the coded information of the input 8PSK signal. We conducted theoretical analyses and simulations of the proposal. The error-vector-magnitude (EVM), bit-error rate (BER), and constellations were analyzed for system performance evaluation. The results show that when the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of the input 8PSK signal is 18 and 30 dB, the phase standard deviations of output BPSK signals decrease about 6.5° and 1.5°, respectively, after the deaggregation. The OSNR-BER performance of the extracted BPSK signals almost coincides with the ideal BPSK signal, with 21 and 12 dB receiver OSNR difference, respectively, at the BER of 10-3, indicating a larger noise tolerance compared to the input 8PSK signal. The scheme provides an effective method of all-optical deaggregation from 8PSK to BPSK, suitable for future dynamically reconfigurable optical networks, and makes it easier and more effectual for the receiving terminal which doesn't have the matching 8PSK receiver.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3
Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
Weak Base Solutions
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity
Ions as Acids and Bases
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

