Role of refractive index in metalens performance

Sub-wavelength diffractive optics, commonly known as metasurfaces, have recently garnered significant attention for their ability to create ultra-thin flat lenses with a high numerical aperture. Several materials with different refractive indices have been used to create metasurface lenses (metalenses). In this paper, we analyze the role of refractive index on the performance of these metalenses. We employ both forward and inverse design methodologies to perform our analysis. We found that, while high-refractive-index materials allow for extreme reduction of the focal length, for moderate focal lengths and numerical aperture (<0.6), there is no appreciable difference in the focal spot size and focusing efficiency for metalenses made of different materials with refractive indices ranging between 1.2 and 3.43 in forward design, and 1.25 and 3.5 in inverse design.