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    Investigating laser ablation of molten steel revealed that the presence of surface plasma, induced by a continuous wave (cw) laser, enhances atomic line intensity and slows plasma emission decay. This indicates plasma

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Plasma Physics
    • Laser-Material Interactions

    Background:

    • Continuous wave (cw) laser irradiation of steel induces surface plasma.
    • Surface plasma can influence subsequent laser-induced phenomena.
    • Understanding laser ablation in plasma environments is crucial for material processing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare laser ablation and plasma evolution in molten steel with and without pre-existing surface plasma.
    • To investigate the effect of cw laser-induced surface plasma on nanosecond laser ablation dynamics.
    • To analyze plasma characteristics such as emissivity, temperature, and electron density.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a cw laser for steel melting and surface plasma generation.
    • Employed a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser for ablating molten steel.
    • Measured surface temperature using optical pyrometry.
    • Analyzed plasma emission via optical emission spectroscopy.
    • Captured plasma images using time-integrated imaging.

    Main Results:

    • Surface plasma presence slightly increased plasma emissivity.
    • Atomic line intensity in spectra doubled during cw laser operation.
    • Plasma emission decay was slower in the presence of surface plasma.
    • Plume temperature and electron density were marginally higher in early expansion stages with surface plasma.

    Conclusions:

    • The near-surface plasma generated by a cw laser significantly influences the characteristics of subsequent laser ablation events in molten steel.
    • Enhanced atomic emission and prolonged plasma duration suggest improved ablation efficiency or altered plume dynamics.
    • These findings are relevant for optimizing laser-based material processing techniques.