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    Area of Science:

    • Astronomy
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Adaptive optics (AO) systems utilize multiple laser guide stars (LGSs) for improved performance.
    • Current AO systems face hardware complexity challenges with numerous LGS optical channels.
    • Shack-Hartmann sensors have underutilized camera areas due to sparse Hartmann spot patterns.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the simplification of AO systems by merging LGS optical channels.
    • To explore dense packing of Hartmann spot patterns for efficient camera pixel utilization.
    • To develop a method for disentangling overlapped spots in composite patterns.

    Main Methods:

    • A generalized matched-filter (MF) algorithm was developed to solve the spot disentangling problem.
    • The method was tested on a challenging case: the Giant Magellan Telescope laser tomography AO system with six LGS beacons.
    • Dynamic calibration using star dithering was considered for the extended MF approach.

    Main Results:

    • Dense overlaying of Hartmann spot patterns with slight overlap was demonstrated as feasible.
    • The generalized MF algorithm efficiently disentangles overlapped spots.
    • System parameter tuning allows minimization of computational complexity and performance degradation.

    Conclusions:

    • Merging LGS optical channels into a single wavefront sensor offers significant hardware simplification for AO systems.
    • The generalized MF algorithm provides an effective solution for analyzing composite Hartmann spot patterns.
    • This approach enables frugal camera pixel usage and maintains AO system performance.