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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers

Published on: August 20, 2014

Strategic labelling approaches for RNA single-molecule spectroscopy.

Gerd Hanspach¹, Sven Trucks¹, Martin Hengesbach¹

¹a Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Frankfurt , Germany.

|March 16, 2019

Summary

Researchers reviewed methods for attaching fluorescent labels to RNA for single-molecule studies. These chemical and enzymatic techniques enable precise labeling under near-native conditions for advanced RNA research.

Keywords:

RNA labeling RNA localization click chemistry enzymatic modification orthogonal labeling single-molecule FRET site-specific labeling

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Biophysics

Background:

Single-molecule RNA studies require fluorescent labels for observation.
Attaching labels site-specifically under near-native conditions is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To review chemical and enzymatic labeling methods for RNA.
To highlight their compatibility with single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy.
To demonstrate combining methods for versatile RNA labeling.

Main Methods:

Review of chemical labeling techniques (covalent bond formation).
Review of enzymatic labeling techniques (hybridization).
Assessment of compatibility with single-molecule fluorescence methods.

Main Results:

Numerous methods exist for site-specific RNA labeling.
Both chemical and enzymatic approaches are compatible with single-molecule techniques.
Combinations of methods allow flexible placement of multiple labels.

Conclusions:

Site-specific RNA labeling is achievable using diverse chemical and enzymatic strategies.
These labeling methods are essential for advanced single-molecule RNA research.
Combining techniques provides extensive options for RNA labeling in complex biological systems.