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Associations Between Gun Laws and Suicides.

Marco Ghiani1, Summer Sherburne Hawkins2, Christopher F Baum1,3

  • 1Department of Economics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.

American Journal of Epidemiology
|March 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Stricter state gun laws may reduce firearm suicides but could increase nonfirearm suicides in certain groups. Additional policies are needed to support these populations.

Keywords:
gun lawspolicy analysissuicides

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Criminology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • State gun law environments significantly influence suicide rates.
  • Understanding the differential impact of gun control on various demographics is crucial for effective policy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of strengthening state gun control laws on firearm and nonfirearm suicides.
  • To identify demographic subgroups disproportionately affected by changes in gun legislation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized difference-in-differences and zero-inflated, negative-binomial models.
  • Linked firearm and nonfirearm suicide data (2005-2015) with state-level gun control indices.
  • Stratified analyses by sex, race/ethnicity, and age.

Main Results:

  • A 6-point increase in state gun control was associated with a 3.3% decrease in firearm suicides.
  • No overall impact on nonfirearm suicides was observed.
  • Increases in nonfirearm suicides were noted among black men, white women, black women, and older individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Strengthening gun control laws can reduce firearm suicides.
  • Potential shifts to nonfirearm suicides in specific populations necessitate targeted interventions.
  • Advocacy for stricter gun laws should be accompanied by policies addressing nonfirearm suicide risks.