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Ghrelin's Relationship to Blood Glucose.

Bharath K Mani1,2,3, Kripa Shankar1,2,3, Jeffrey M Zigman1,2,3

  • 1Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.

Endocrinology
|March 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Ghrelin, a hormone, impacts blood glucose levels. It helps during starvation but can worsen hyperglycemia in obesity and diabetes, highlighting a crucial glucose-ghrelin axis.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolism
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Ghrelin's orexigenic effects on food intake and body weight are extensively studied.
  • Endogenous ghrelin's role in metabolic regulation, particularly glucose homeostasis, is increasingly recognized.
  • Ghrelin's actions vary significantly under different metabolic conditions, such as starvation and obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the glucoregulatory actions of ghrelin.
  • To explore the existence and mechanisms of a blood glucose-ghrelin axis.
  • To highlight ghrelin's role in metabolic extremes like starvation and diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating ghrelin and glucose metabolism.
  • Analysis of research on the bidirectional regulation between blood glucose and ghrelin secretion.

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  • Examination of ghrelin's effects in conditions of metabolic stress.

    • Main Results:

    • Ghrelin raises blood glucose, which is protective during starvation but detrimental in obesity and diabetes, potentially causing hyperglycemia.
    • Blood glucose levels negatively feedback to regulate ghrelin secretion.
    • A functional blood glucose-ghrelin axis exists, mediating glucoregulatory effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Ghrelin plays a dual role in glucose regulation, beneficial in hypoglycemia but harmful in hyperglycemia.
    • Understanding the glucose-ghrelin axis is critical for managing metabolic disorders.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the factors mediating ghrelin's glucoregulatory actions.