Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
Published on: January 10, 2025
Reporting sex or gender in anatomical research: Which is appropriate?
Kerri Keet1,2, Joyeeta Roy3, Brandon Michael Henry1,4
1International Evidence-Based Anatomy Working Group, Krakow, Poland.
Abstract:
Sex- and gender-based differences need to be considered in evidence-based medical research as there are anatomical and physiological differences between males and females. Females are underrepresented in studies, with results from males often generalized to both sexes. The Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines were published in 2016 to address sex- and gender-bias in research. Correct understanding and appropriate use of the terms "sex" and "gender" are essential. These terms are discussed in an anatomical context and recommendations are made as to how the SAGER guidelines can guide the reporting of anatomical studies to minimize the risk of reporting bias. Clin. Anat. 32:697-698, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Related Concept Videos
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
Sex-linked Disorders
Anatomical Positions
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Movements
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

