Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

196.4K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
196.4K
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

11.3K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
11.3K
Variability: Analysis01:11

Variability: Analysis

500
Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...
500
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

16.5K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
16.5K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

5.5K
5.5K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

24.8K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
24.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A comprehensive multi-omics and functional study of evolutionary adaptive responses to smoke.

iScience·2026
Same author

Nasal Airway Transcriptome Reflects Selected Asthma-Associated Gene Signatures in the Lower Airways.

Allergy·2026
Same author

Runx2 Regulated Airway Homeostasis Is Disrupted in Asthma.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
Same author

Proteomics Using Draft Genomes: A Case Study in Spotted Hyena.

Journal of proteome research·2026
Same author

Nasal gene expression shows a distinct signature in type 2-high asthma but not in type 2-low disease.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
Same author

The Effect of Tumor Location and Extension on Survival in Patients with Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Cancers·2025
Same journal

Regulation of RGS2 is an important piece to the puzzle of syncytiotrophoblast dysfunction in preeclampsia.

Physiological genomics·2026
Same journal

Maternal Estradiol Impacts Fetal HPA Axis and Pulmonary Transcriptomes in Sheep.

Physiological genomics·2026
Same journal

OBESITY AS AN EPIGENETIC CONTINUUM: DEVELOPMENTAL ROOTS, ADIPOSE REMODELING, AND THE LIMITS OF REVERSIBILITY.

Physiological genomics·2026
Same journal

<i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>: a member of the gut microbiota that modulates intestinal stem cell function.

Physiological genomics·2026
Same journal

Differential gene transcription following intravenous injection of air bubbles in rats with varying resistance to decompression sickness.

Physiological genomics·2026
Same journal

Genomic informational field theory to identify genetic associations of a complex trait using a small sample size.

Physiological genomics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics
13:51

Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics

Published on: February 18, 2009

12.9K

Gene expression variability: the other dimension in transcriptome analysis.

Tristan V de Jong1, Yuri M Moshkin2,3, Victor Guryev1

  • 1European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.

Physiological Genomics
|March 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biological variation in gene expression is not just noise, but a key phenotype influencing physiology. This review explores its sources, impacts, and analysis methods, offering tools for researchers.

Keywords:
GAMLSSRNA-Seqgene expressiongene expression variabilitygene noise

More Related Videos

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
10:34

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

Published on: April 14, 2010

16.0K
Obtaining High-Quality Transcriptome Data from Cereal Seeds by a Modified Method for Gene Expression Profiling
07:18

Obtaining High-Quality Transcriptome Data from Cereal Seeds by a Modified Method for Gene Expression Profiling

Published on: May 21, 2020

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics
13:51

Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics

Published on: February 18, 2009

12.9K
Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
10:34

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

Published on: April 14, 2010

16.0K
Obtaining High-Quality Transcriptome Data from Cereal Seeds by a Modified Method for Gene Expression Profiling
07:18

Obtaining High-Quality Transcriptome Data from Cereal Seeds by a Modified Method for Gene Expression Profiling

Published on: May 21, 2020

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Transcriptome sequencing reveals molecular changes in physiological conditions and disease.
  • Gene expression variability is often treated as technical noise, complicating analysis.
  • Increasing evidence suggests biological variation in gene expression is a significant molecular phenotype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on technical and biological variability in gene expression.
  • To explore sources, (epi-)genetic factors, and evolutionary aspects of expression variability.
  • To discuss the impact of external cues like diet and aging on expression variability.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of gene expression variability studies.
  • Analysis of sources contributing to technical and biological variation.
  • Discussion of metrics and computational tools for quantifying expression variability.

Main Results:

  • Biological variation in gene expression is a crucial phenotype affecting physiological parameters.
  • External factors like diet and aging significantly influence expression variability.
  • Novel metrics and tools are available for quantifying expression variability.

Conclusions:

  • Expression variability analysis offers valuable insights beyond differential expression.
  • Understanding biological variation is essential for a complete picture of gene function and disease.
  • The review provides practical resources, including computer code, to facilitate adoption of these analyses.