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    Area of Science:

    • Space Surveillance
    • Astrophysics
    • Optical Sensing

    Background:

    • The US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) Space Surveillance Network (SSN) requires improved Space Situational Awareness (SSA).
    • Current SSN systems (GEODSS, Space Fence) have limitations in tracking resident space objects (RSOs) in Geosynchronous Orbits (GEO).
    • Existing methods struggle with precise altitude determination from limited observations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a reliable, ground-based technique for rapid RSO altitude determination.
    • To mitigate performance gaps in GEO SSA within the SSN.
    • To differentiate RSO point spread functions (PSFs) from stellar PSFs.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized Multi-Hypothesis Testing with parallax as a key criterion.
    • Generated PSFs from telescope observations of space objects at varying baselines.
    • Employed simultaneous observations from reference and parallax sensing telescopes.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully distinguished the PSF of an RSO from that of a star.
    • Validated the technique using both simulated data and experimental data from SST and Naval Observatory sensors.
    • Demonstrated the feasibility of determining RSO altitude from single or limited observations.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed ground-based technique effectively enhances GEO SSA capabilities.
    • Implementation of this method can significantly improve the SSN's tracking of RSOs.
    • Parallax-based PSF analysis offers a robust solution for space object characterization.