Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

49.8K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
49.8K
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

10.6K
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
10.6K
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

3.0K
3.0K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

57.0K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
57.0K
Conversion of Units01:36

Conversion of Units

35.8K
Sometimes, there is a need to convert from one unit to another one. For instance, reading a cookbook in which quantities are expressed in units of liters or ounces may require conversion of quantities to cups. Or, when looking up directions on how to get to a location, we may be interested to know how many miles we are going to walk. In this case, we would have to convert units of feet or meters to miles.
The first step in the unit conversion is to list the given units and the units required...
35.8K
Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides02:48

Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides

8.4K
This lesson delves into the conversion of alcohols to corresponding alkyl halides and the mechanism of action for different reagents. Typically, the hydroxyl group is first protonated to convert it to a stable leaving group. Consequently, based on the starting alcohol, the mechanism undergoes either of the nucleophilic substitution routes, SN1 or SN2. Tertiary alkyl halides are made using the two-step SN1 mechanism that occurs via a carbocation intermediate, which is stabilized by...
8.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Quantum teleportation and dynamics of quantum coherence and metrological non-classical correlations for open two-qubit systems.

Scientific reports·2023
Same author

Entanglement and Fisher Information for Atoms-Field System in the Presence of Negative Binomial States.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same author

A local area quantum teleportation network based on an array of electrically activated graphene waveguides.

Optics express·2022
Same author

High-fidelity quantum information transmission using a room-temperature nonrefrigerated lossy microwave waveguide.

Scientific reports·2022
Same author

Quantum Coherence and Total Phase in Semiconductor Microcavities for Multi-Photon Excitation.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same author

Spatial solitons in an electrically driven graphene multilayer medium.

Scientific reports·2022
Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates
06:00

One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates

Published on: January 15, 2018

7.9K

Quantum microwave-to-optical conversion in electrically driven multilayer graphene.

Montasir Qasymeh, Hichem Eleuch

    Optics Express
    |March 17, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel quantum method for microwave-to-optical conversion using multilayer graphene. The technique achieves efficient photon conversion with low noise, offering frequency-tunable operation.

    More Related Videos

    Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
    10:00

    Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

    Published on: November 11, 2013

    13.2K
    Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection
    07:51

    Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

    Published on: February 1, 2022

    3.8K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

    One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates
    06:00

    One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates

    Published on: January 15, 2018

    7.9K
    Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
    10:00

    Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

    Published on: November 11, 2013

    13.2K
    Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection
    07:51

    Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

    Published on: February 1, 2022

    3.8K

    Area of Science:

    • Quantum physics
    • Materials science
    • Optoelectronics

    Background:

    • Efficient microwave-to-optical conversion is crucial for quantum technologies.
    • Graphene's unique electronic properties offer potential for novel optoelectronic devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and analyze a novel quantum approach for microwave-to-optical conversion.
    • To investigate the feasibility of using multilayer graphene for this conversion.
    • To evaluate the performance and tunability of the proposed system.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a multilayer graphene structure driven by optical and microwave fields.
    • Modeling graphene conductivity modulation by microwave signals to generate optical sidebands.
    • Applying a perturbation approach for effective permittivity and quantum mechanical analysis for field evolution.
    • Suppressing lower sidebands using multilayer graphene destruction resonance for low noise.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated successful quantum microwave-to-optical conversion in multilayer graphene.
    • Achieved significant photon conversion rates with microvolt microwave driving voltages.
    • Showcased frequency-tunable operation by adjusting the optical pump frequency.
    • Identified optimal graphene length (number of layers) for efficient conversion.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed quantum approach offers a promising method for efficient microwave-to-optical conversion.
    • Multilayer graphene is a viable material for achieving high conversion rates and low noise.
    • The frequency-tunable nature of the system enhances its applicability in various quantum applications.