Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Optical Scatter Microscopy Based on Two-Dimensional Gabor Filters
Published on: June 2, 2010
100 Gbit/s VSB-PAM-n IM/DD transmission system based on 10 GHz DML with optical filtering and joint nonlinear
Abstract:
We experimentally demonstrate the transmission of 100 Gbit/s and beyond vestigial sideband (VSB) n-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-n) signals, with a commercial 10 GHz-class directly modulated laser (DML) in the C-band, using optical filtering. To mitigate transmission impairments at the transmitter side, Nyquist pulse shaping and Kaiser Window filtering techniques are used to overcome the limited bandwidth of optoelectronic devices. At the receiver side, the joint nonlinear equalization based on cascaded multi-modulus algorithm (CMMA) and Volterra Filter (VF) is used to reduce the strong nonlinear impairments from chirp and chromatic dispersion (CD). 100 Gb/s PAM-4, 107.5 Gb/s PAM-4, and 101.25 Gb/s PAM-8 signals can be successfully transmitted over 45 km, 10 km and 10 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) under the bit-error-ratio (BER) of 3.8 × 10-3, respectively.
Related Concept Videos
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity
Nonlinear drug absorption can occur when the process is rate-limited by solubility, carrier-mediated transport systems, or saturation of the presystemic gut wall or hepatic metabolism. For instance, high doses of riboflavin...
One-Way ANOVA: Equal Sample Sizes
Different sample means can result in different values for the variance estimate: variance between samples. This is because the variance between samples is calculated as the product of the sample size and the variance between the...
Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges
A separation of the positive and negative charges can lead to a weak, remnant effect of the positive and negative charges. The expectation is that the more the distance between the positive and...
Passive Filters
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints
Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...

