Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base02:28

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base

33.8K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
(a) Titrant volume = 0 mL. The solution pH is due to the acid ionization of HCl. Because this is a strong acid, the ionization is complete and the hydronium ion molarity is 0.100 M. The pH of the solution is then:
33.8K
Ionization Energy03:12

Ionization Energy

43.2K
The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called its first ionization energy (IE1). The first ionization energy for an element, X, is the energy required to form a cation with 1+ charge:
43.2K
Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

74.6K
Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
74.6K
Types Of Collisions - I01:04

Types Of Collisions - I

9.5K
When two objects come in direct contact with each other, it is called a collision. During a collision, two or more objects exert forces on each other in a relatively short amount of time. A collision can be categorized as either an elastic or inelastic collision. If two or more objects approach each other, collide and then bounce off, moving away from each other with the same relative speed at which they approached each other, the total kinetic energy of the system is said to be conserved. This...
9.5K
Types of Collisions - II01:19

Types of Collisions - II

9.9K
When two or more objects collide with each other, they can stick together to form one single composite object (after collision). The total mass of the object after the collision is the sum of the masses of the original objects, and it moves with a velocity dictated by the conservation of momentum. Although the system's total momentum remains constant, the kinetic energy decreases, and thus such a collision is an inelastic collision. Most of the collisions between objects in daily life are...
9.9K
Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base01:23

Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base

10.4K
During the titration of a strong acid with a strong base, pH calculations are primarily based on the concentration of residual hydronium or hydroxide ions. Initially, a strong acid like hydrochloric acid fully dissociates, creating hydronium and chloride ions, resulting in a low pH. The addition of a strong base like sodium hydroxide alters the concentration of hydronium ions by neutralizing them. As more base is added, the pH gradually increases. At the equivalence point, all hydronium ions...
10.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Universal convolution from wave dynamics: photonic processing and encryption in synthetic dimension.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

PIM1-induced Drp1 phosphorylation disrupts microglial mitophagy and aggravates neuroinflammation.

Pharmacological research·2026
Same author

Quantum Trajectory Separation and Attosecond Mapping in Liquid High-Harmonic Generation.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Circularly Polarized Quasimonochromatic High Harmonic Generation.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Visual working memory in Parkinson's disease patients using real-world visual objects and perceptual organization.

BMC psychology·2026
Same author

Citrus Essential Oils: A Review of Chemical Composition, Bioactivity, Safe Use, and Potential Applications.

Chemistry & biodiversity·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

7.3K

Internal collision induced strong-field nonsequential double ionization in molecules.

Aihong Tong, Qianguang Li, Xiaomeng Ma

    Optics Express
    |March 17, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Strong-field nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of molecules shows alignment-dependent electron emission. Perpendicular alignment favors side-by-side electron emission at larger distances, contrary to expectations.

    More Related Videos

    Analysis of Complex Molecules and Their Reactions on Surfaces by Means of Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry
    07:53

    Analysis of Complex Molecules and Their Reactions on Surfaces by Means of Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

    Published on: March 1, 2020

    7.8K
    Laboratory Drop Towers for the Experimental Simulation of Dust-aggregate Collisions in the Early Solar System
    09:44

    Laboratory Drop Towers for the Experimental Simulation of Dust-aggregate Collisions in the Early Solar System

    Published on: June 5, 2014

    13.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

    Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
    08:22

    Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

    Published on: August 6, 2018

    7.3K
    Analysis of Complex Molecules and Their Reactions on Surfaces by Means of Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry
    07:53

    Analysis of Complex Molecules and Their Reactions on Surfaces by Means of Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

    Published on: March 1, 2020

    7.8K
    Laboratory Drop Towers for the Experimental Simulation of Dust-aggregate Collisions in the Early Solar System
    09:44

    Laboratory Drop Towers for the Experimental Simulation of Dust-aggregate Collisions in the Early Solar System

    Published on: June 5, 2014

    13.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Atomic and Molecular Physics
    • Quantum Dynamics
    • Strong-Field Physics

    Background:

    • Nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) is a key process in strong-field physics.
    • Understanding electron correlation dynamics is crucial for interpreting NSDI experiments.
    • Molecular alignment significantly influences ionization dynamics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate the alignment dependence of correlated electron dynamics in diatomic molecules during NSDI.
    • Explore the role of internuclear distance in electron emission patterns.
    • Differentiate between recollision and internal collision mechanisms in NSDI.

    Main Methods:

    • Classical ensemble method for simulating electron trajectories.
    • Linearly polarized laser pulses to drive ionization.
    • Analysis of electron emission angles and momentum spectra.

    Main Results:

    • At small internuclear distances, parallel alignment favors side-by-side electron emission.
    • At larger internuclear distances, perpendicular alignment promotes side-by-side emission.
    • A new mechanism, internal collision, contributes to NSDI in parallel aligned molecules at large distances, leading to back-to-back emission.

    Conclusions:

    • Molecular alignment and internuclear distance critically affect NSDI pathways.
    • Internal collisions offer an alternative mechanism to recollision in NSDI.
    • The findings challenge previous assumptions about electron emission in NSDI.