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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Microscopy
    • Nanoscale Imaging
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Recovering nanoscale features is difficult due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
    • Rayleigh scattering limits detectable signal strength (proportional to d^6/λ^4).
    • Background noise often overwhelms weak nanoscale signals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel method for improving SNR in nanoscale imaging.
    • To develop a more sensitive observation quantity than conventional intensity images.
    • To enable better characterization of nanoscale features without hardware modifications.

    Main Methods:

    • Introduction of regularized pseudo-phase as a new observation quantity.
    • Application in polychromatic visible light microscopy.
    • Framework integrates conventional denoising techniques.

    Main Results:

    • Significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio achieved.
    • Pseudo-phase demonstrated higher sensitivity for nanoscale features.
    • Successful measurement of nanoscale defects, sample tilt, and noisy nanostructure profiles.

    Conclusions:

    • Regularized pseudo-phase microscopy offers enhanced SNR for nanoscale imaging.
    • The method provides an explicit physical meaning analogous to optical phase.
    • Effective even with low-cost bright-field microscopes on standard samples.