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Related Concept Videos

Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

917
One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
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Uniform Circular Motion01:14

Uniform Circular Motion

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Uniform circular motion is a specific type of motion in which an object travels in a circle with a constant speed. For example, any point on a propeller spinning at a constant rate is undergoing uniform circular motion. The second, minute, and hour hands of a watch also undergo uniform circular motion. It is hard to believe that points on these rotating objects are actually accelerating, even though the rotation rate is constant. To understand this, we must analyze the motion in terms of...
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Non-uniform Circular Motion01:22

Non-uniform Circular Motion

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In uniform circular motion, the particle executing circular motion has a constant speed, and the circle is at a fixed radius. However, not all circular motion occurs at a constant speed. A particle can travel in a circle and speed up or slow down, showing an acceleration in the direction of motion. In that case, the motion is called non-uniform circular motion, and an additional acceleration is introduced, which is in the direction tangential to the circle. 
For example, such...
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Dynamics of Circular Motion01:30

Dynamics of Circular Motion

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An object undergoing circular motion, like a race car, is accelerating because it is changing the direction of its velocity. This centrally directed acceleration is called centripetal acceleration. This acceleration acts along the radius of the curved path (thus is also referred to as radial acceleration).
Any acceleration must be produced by some force. Therefore, any force or combination of forces can cause centripetal acceleration. A few examples include the tension in the rope on a...
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Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts01:18

Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts

559
Consider the elastic torsion formula, which applies to a circular shaft with a consistent cross-section. This formula assumes that the shaft's ends are loaded with rigid plates firmly attached. However, in many cases, torques are applied to the shaft through mechanisms like flange couplings or gears, which are connected by keys inserted into keyways. This application method modifies the stress distribution near the point of torque application, causing it to deviate from the distributions...
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Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

470
When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

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Snapshot circular dichroism measurements.

Oriol Arteaga, Zoubir El-Hachemi, Razvigor Ossikovski

    Optics Express
    |March 17, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed a new method for circular dichroism (CD) measurement using an adapted Young's double-slit experiment. This technique leverages light polarization and interference to achieve accurate, real-time CD spectroscopy from a single image.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Spectroscopy
    • Physical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Coherent waves with orthogonal polarizations do not interfere.
    • Interference occurs when coherent waves share a common polarization.
    • Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopic technique to measure differences in the absorption of left- and right-circularly polarized light.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel method for circular dichroism measurements.
    • To exploit the principle of coherence and polarization for CD detection.
    • To develop a technique compatible with real-time spectroscopy.

    Main Methods:

    • An analog of Young's double-slit experiment was employed.
    • The polarization of the probing beam was continuously modulated in space.

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

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  • Interference fringe visibility was measured, which is proportional to the sample's circular dichroism.

    • Main Results:

    • A proof-of-concept experiment successfully demonstrated the novel CD measurement method.
    • The visibility of interference fringes directly correlated with the circular dichroism of the sample.
    • Accurate and sensitive CD measurements were achieved from a single camera snapshot.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method offers a new approach to circular dichroism spectroscopy.
    • Spatial polarization modulation enables real-time CD measurements.
    • This technique enhances the efficiency and applicability of CD spectroscopy.