Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

57.0K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
57.0K
Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

49.8K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
49.8K
Key Techniques in Microbiology01:19

Key Techniques in Microbiology

2.3K
Aseptic techniques prevent contamination, ensure experimental accuracy, and protect researchers and microbial cultures. These techniques are essential in clinical, industrial, and research settings where sterility is required.Maintaining Sterility in Laboratory PracticesScientists maintain sterility by sterilizing tools with heat or chemicals, disinfecting work surfaces, and handling cultures in controlled environments. Working near an open flame or within a laminar flow hood reduces the risk...
2.3K
Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

24.2K
Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
24.2K
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

59.5K
Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
59.5K
State Space Representation01:27

State Space Representation

555
The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
Consider an RLC circuit, a...
555

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Author Correction: Photonic neuromorphic accelerator for convolutional neural networks based on an integrated reconfigurable mesh.

Communications engineering·2025
Same author

Photonic neuromorphic accelerator for convolutional neural networks based on an integrated reconfigurable mesh.

Communications engineering·2025
Same author

Time-variant parity-time symmetry in frequency-scanning systems.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Programming topological photonics.

Nature materials·2024
Same author

Microwave fractional Hilbert transformer implemented in a dispersion-tailored few-mode fiber.

Optics express·2024
Same author

General-purpose programmable photonic processor for advanced radiofrequency applications.

Nature communications·2024
Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.6K

Modeling optical fiber space division multiplexed quantum key distribution systems.

Mario Ureña, Ivana Gasulla, Francisco Javier Fraile

    Optics Express
    |March 17, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new model evaluates quantum key distribution (QKD) in multicore fibers. Homogeneous fibers support QKD-only transmission, while heterogeneous fibers are needed for simultaneous QKD and classical channels.

    More Related Videos

    Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping
    09:48

    Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

    Published on: November 7, 2016

    12.4K
    Multiplexed Fluorescent Microarray for Human Salivary Protein Analysis Using Polymer Microspheres and Fiber-optic Bundles
    08:50

    Multiplexed Fluorescent Microarray for Human Salivary Protein Analysis Using Polymer Microspheres and Fiber-optic Bundles

    Published on: October 10, 2013

    12.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
    06:42

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

    Published on: June 8, 2018

    9.6K
    Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping
    09:48

    Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

    Published on: November 7, 2016

    12.4K
    Multiplexed Fluorescent Microarray for Human Salivary Protein Analysis Using Polymer Microspheres and Fiber-optic Bundles
    08:50

    Multiplexed Fluorescent Microarray for Human Salivary Protein Analysis Using Polymer Microspheres and Fiber-optic Bundles

    Published on: October 10, 2013

    12.1K

    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Optical Communications
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers enhanced security but faces challenges in transmission capacity and distance.
    • Spatial Division Multiplexing (SDM) in multicore fibers (MCF) presents a promising avenue for increasing fiber transmission capacity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and apply a model for evaluating the performance of multi-channel QKD transmission in MCFs and few-mode fibers (FMF).
    • To analyze the feasibility of QKD transmission in 7-core MCFs under different channel configurations.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a simulation model to assess QKD performance metrics such as transmission distance and net key rate.
    • Analysis of two scenarios: (1) QKD channels only, and (2) simultaneous transmission of QKD and classical channels in 7-core MCFs.

    Main Results:

    • Standard homogeneous MCFs demonstrated QKD transmission distances and net key rates comparable to single-core single-mode fibers when carrying only QKD channels.
    • Heterogeneous MCFs are identified as essential for enabling feasible simultaneous transmission of both QKD and classical channels.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed model provides a valuable tool for optimizing QKD deployment in advanced fiber optic networks.
    • MCFs offer a viable path for secure communication, with specific fiber types required depending on the transmission scenario.