Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 27, 2026
04:48
Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
Published on: November 28, 2018
8.3K
Comparison of Left Atrial Measurements Using 2- and 3-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography
Jenny Kwak1, Andrea Polito2, Michael Majewski1
1Department of Anesthesiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL.
Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
|March 17, 2019
Summary
Two- and 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography measurements of the left atrium correlate well. These findings suggest that advancements in ultrasound technology and software could further enhance the utility of 3D echocardiography.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Medical Imaging
- Echocardiography
Background:
- Left atrial size is a crucial indicator in cardiovascular health.
- Accurate left atrial measurement is vital for assessing cardiac function and disease progression.
- Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a key imaging modality in cardiology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the correlation between left atrial (LA) measurements obtained via 2D and 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).
- To compare the accuracy and limitations of 2D versus 3D TEE for assessing left atrial dimensions.
Main Methods:
- Prospective observational study involving 63 patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
- Acquisition of standard 2D TEE views and full-volume 3D TEE datasets.
- Measurement of left atrial dimensions (height, length, area) using both 2D and 3D TEE techniques.
Main Results:
- A strong correlation was observed between 2D and 3D TEE measurements of the left atrium.
- Measurements obtained by two independent observers showed good agreement.
- Limitations encountered with 3D TEE were similar to those seen with 2D TEE.
Conclusions:
- 2D and 3D TEE provide comparable measurements of the left atrium.
- Current limitations in 3D TEE mirror those of 2D TEE.
- Future improvements in ultrasound technology and software are expected to enhance the benefits of 3D TEE.
Related Concept Videos
01:11ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –NH2, –OCH3
7.4K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
7.4K
03:40Dimensional Analysis
61.8K
Dimensional analysis, also known as the factor label method, is a versatile approach for mathematical operations. The main principle behind this approach is: the units of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations as their associated numbers. This method can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex and multi-step calculations involving several different quantities and their units.
Conversion Factors and Dimensional Analysis
The unit...
Conversion Factors and Dimensional Analysis
The unit...
61.8K
02:57The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
55.9K
According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
55.9K
02:26Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids
54.6K
Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
54.6K
01:13Multiple Comparison Tests
4.5K
Multiple comparison test, abbreviated as MCT, is a post hoc analysis generally performed after comparing multiple samples with one or more tests. An MCT will help identify a significantly different sample among multiple samples or a factor among multiple factors.
It would be easy to compare two samples using a significance alpha level of 0.05. In other words, there is only one sample pair to be compared. However, it would be difficult to identify a significantly different sample if the number...
It would be easy to compare two samples using a significance alpha level of 0.05. In other words, there is only one sample pair to be compared. However, it would be difficult to identify a significantly different sample if the number...
4.5K
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
7.0K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
7.0K