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Acute renal failure.

H J Mann, D W Fuhs, C A Hemstrom

    Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common, high-mortality condition in critically ill patients. Early prevention and treatment, including mannitol, furosemide, and dopamine, show promise in animal models and some human applications for managing ARF.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Critical Care Medicine
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Acute renal failure (ARF) is a frequent complication in critically ill patients.
    • Renal dysfunction often accompanies multisystem organ failure, contributing to high ARF mortality rates.
    • Animal studies suggest that proactive interventions can mitigate ARF's severity and improve outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To define acute renal failure (ARF) using clinical and laboratory parameters.
    • To differentiate the pathophysiology of prerenal, postrenal, and intrinsic ARF.
    • To review and evaluate preventive strategies, supportive care, and therapeutic options for ARF.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on ARF prevention and treatment in animal models and human trials.

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  • Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ARF based on urine volume, laboratory findings, and clinical presentation.
  • Analysis of the efficacy of mannitol, furosemide, and dopamine in ARF management.

    • Main Results:

    • Mannitol, furosemide, and dopamine demonstrated effectiveness in preventing or reducing ARF severity in animal models.
    • In human studies, these agents helped maintain urine output and convert oliguria to nonoliguria in some patients.
    • Adequate proof of increased survival rates in humans using these interventions is still pending.

    Conclusions:

    • Acute renal failure (ARF) requires clear definition and differentiation of its causes for effective management.
    • While certain pharmacological agents show promise in animal models and specific human applications for ARF, their impact on overall survival needs further validation.
    • Supportive care, alongside potential therapeutic interventions, is crucial in managing ARF in critically ill populations.