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Graphene transistor based on tunable Dirac fermion optics.

Ke Wang1,2, Mirza M Elahi3, Lei Wang4

  • 1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

We developed a quantum switch using Dirac fermion optics (DFO) and Klein tunneling. This tunable device enables precise control of electron wave functions, paving the way for advanced quantum circuits.

Keywords:
Dirac fermionelectron opticsgraphenequantum transport

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Dirac fermion optics (DFO) offers a novel platform for electron wave manipulation.
  • Klein tunneling, a unique quantum phenomenon, enables perfect transmission of Dirac fermions.
  • Developing tunable quantum components is crucial for advanced electronic circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and demonstrate a quantum switch utilizing Dirac fermion optics.
  • To leverage the angle dependence of Klein tunneling for tunable optical components.
  • To quantitatively measure the Dirac fermion optics contribution in a switching device.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dual-source design with a single flat reflector to minimize scattering.
  • Employed gate-tunable collimators and reflectors for precise control of Dirac fermion wave functions.
  • Separated classical and coherent transport contributions by measuring transmission coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a robust quantum switch operating without an energy gap, stable up to 230 K and high current densities.
  • Achieved quantitative measurements of DFO contributions, separating them from classical effects.
  • Developed characterizable and tunable optical components (collimator-reflector) for DFO circuits.

Conclusions:

  • The developed quantum switch and its components are essential building blocks for advanced Dirac fermion optics circuits.
  • This work demonstrates the potential for highly integrated and electrically tunable electron-optical components.
  • The findings pave a path toward novel quantum devices with tunable electron wavelengths.