Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Automatic Detection of Highly Organized Theta Oscillations in the Murine EEG

Automatic Detection of Highly Organized Theta Oscillations in the Murine EEG

Published on: March 10, 2017

Dynamic Causal Modeling of the Relationship between Cognition and Theta-alpha Oscillations in Adults with Down

Sarah Hamburg^1,2,3, Richard Rosch^4,5, Carla Marie Startin^1,2,3

¹Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, UK.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

|March 17, 2019

Abstract:

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) show high inter-subject variability in cognitive ability and have an ultra-high risk of developing dementia (90% lifetime prevalence). Elucidating factors underlying variability in cognitive function can inform us about intellectual disability (ID) and may improve our understanding of factors associated with later cognitive decline. Increased neuronal inhibition has been posited to contribute to ID in DS. Combining electroencephalography (EEG) with dynamic causal modeling (DCM) provides a non-invasive method for investigating excitatory/inhibitory mechanisms. Resting-state EEG recordings were obtained from 36 adults with DS with no evidence of cognitive decline. Theta-alpha activity (4-13 Hz) was characterized in relation to general cognitive ability (raw Kaufmann's Brief Intelligence Test second Edition (KBIT-2) score). Higher KBIT-2 was associated with higher frontal alpha peak amplitude and higher theta-alpha band power across distributed regions. Modeling this association with DCM revealed intrinsic self-inhibition was the key network parameter underlying observed differences in 4-13 Hz power in relation to KBIT-2 and age. In particular, intrinsic self-inhibition in right V1 was negatively correlated with KBIT-2. Results suggest intrinsic self-inhibition within the alpha network is associated with individual differences in cognitive ability in adults with DS, and may provide a potential therapeutic target for cognitive enhancement.

Keywords:

Down syndrome alpha cognition dynamic causal modeling intellectual disability

More Related Videos

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

Published on: July 18, 2014

Related Concept Videos

Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings

Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings

Other adult family members and siblings play a crucial role in shaping children’s social and emotional development. While parents or primary caregivers are often the central figures in early attachment and socialization, other adults in a child’s life, such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles, can significantly influence developmental outcomes. These influences depend on each adult’s personality and may help compensate when a primary caregiver is emotionally distant or...

Causality in Epidemiology

Causality in Epidemiology

Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...

Relationship Formation

Relationship Formation

What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...

Oscillations In An LC Circuit

Oscillations In An LC Circuit

An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by

Forced Oscillations

Forced Oscillations

When an oscillator is forced with a periodic driving force, the motion may seem chaotic. The motions of such oscillators are known as transients. After the transients die out, the oscillator reaches a steady state, where the motion is periodic, and the displacement is determined.

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Avoidable mortality, clinical outcomes and determinants of premature death among adults with severe or profound intellectual disability: A population-based analysis of mortality data in England.

PLoS medicine·2026

'An adrenaline-fueled emergency': a qualitative thematic analysis of reviews of deaths in England where DNACPR (Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) recommendations are not implemented for people with a learning disability.

BMJ open·2026

Caregiver-Associated Physical Activity Patterns, Dietary Behaviors and Interventional Beliefs in Individuals with Down Syndrome: Insights from a Large European Survey.

Nutrients·2026

Understanding Obesity in Individuals with Down Syndrome: Caregiver Perceptions, Awareness, and Motivation.

Nutrients·2026

Promoting Research Excellence in Down Syndrome: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of the Trisomy 21 Research Society.

Neuromolecular medicine·2026

Prevalence of multiple morbidities and cancers in individuals with Down syndrome: A matched descriptive study using linked electronic health record data.

PloS one·2026

See all related articles