Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

7.3K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
7.3K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

852
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
852
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

669
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
669
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

566
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
566
Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

511
Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
511
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

16.7K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
16.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Canonical and retinal size in visual working memory.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same author

When does what matter to where? Identity-location integration in spatial context learning.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2026
Same author

Advancing Research on Medical Image Perception by Strengthening Multidisciplinary Collaboration.

JNCI cancer spectrum·2022
Same author

"Guidance of spatial attention by incidental learning and endogenous cuing": Retraction.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2022
Same author

Impact of active and latent concerns about COVID-19 on attention.

Cognitive research: principles and implications·2022
Same author

Sequence learning is surprisingly fragile in visual search.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays
09:58

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays

Published on: March 11, 2011

30.4K

Memory across a short-delay: Systematic biases in memory for faces.

Jihyang Jun1, Deborah H Tan1, Roger W Remington1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, United States of America.

Acta Psychologica
|March 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Visual short-term memory errors are biased towards distinctive faces. Memory preferentially encodes extreme features, influencing recognition accuracy for memorable stimuli like celebrity faces.

More Related Videos

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory
08:08

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

Published on: June 18, 2014

27.5K
A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

12.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays
09:58

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays

Published on: March 11, 2011

30.4K
Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory
08:08

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

Published on: June 18, 2014

27.5K
A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

12.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Visual stimuli often exist on a continuum of features, from neutral to distinctive.
  • Understanding visual short-term memory (vSTM) is crucial for explaining recognition biases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether vSTM errors are symmetric or biased in feature space.
  • To determine if memory favors distinctive or neutral features.

Main Methods:

  • Participants viewed morphed faces (neutral to distinctive, or neutral to emotional) for 1 second.
  • A brief delay was followed by a three-alternative forced choice task.
  • The options included the target face, a more distinctive face, and a more neutral face.

Main Results:

  • Incorrect responses were more likely to select the more distinctive face over the neutral one.
  • This bias towards distinctiveness was observed for celebrity faces and emotional expressions.
  • No such bias was found for unfamiliar, emotionally neutral faces.

Conclusions:

  • vSTM is not a perfect, symmetric representation of visual input.
  • Memory appears to encode and prioritize distinctive features, leading to recognition biases.
  • The salience of features influences how visual information is retained and recalled.