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Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
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Convenience Sampling Method00:55

Convenience Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population.
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Sampling Methods: Overview01:06

Sampling Methods: Overview

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A sample refers to a smaller subset representative of a larger population. In analytical chemistry, studying or analyzing an entire population is often impractical or impossible. Therefore, samples are used to draw inferences and generalize the whole population. The sampling method selects individuals or items from a population to create a sample. Standard sampling methods include random, judgemental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. 
In analytical chemistry, the choice of...
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Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
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Stratified Sampling Method01:16

Stratified Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
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Cluster Sampling Method01:20

Cluster Sampling Method

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Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...
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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

A Protocol for Rapid Post-mortem Cell Culture of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma DIPG
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The effects of different sampling techniques on peripheral post mortem tryptase levels: a recommended sampling

J Garland1, W Philcox2, S McCarthy3

  • 1Forensic & Analytical Science Service, NSW Health Pathology, New South Wales, Australia.

International Journal of Legal Medicine
|March 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post mortem tryptase levels are not significantly affected by sampling method in non-anaphylactic deaths. Aspirating femoral venous blood is recommended as the gold standard for accurate post mortem tryptase analysis.

Keywords:
AnaphylaxisArterialAspirateCutdownPost mortemSamplingTryptaseVenous

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic pathology
  • Toxicology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Post mortem tryptase levels are crucial biomarkers in diagnosing anaphylaxis.
  • Previous studies indicated variations in tryptase levels based on sample collection techniques.
  • Transcutaneous aspiration samples previously showed lower tryptase levels than direct internal examination samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare post mortem total tryptase levels between different femoral blood sampling methods.
  • To evaluate the reliability of aspirated venous, arterial, and cutdown femoral venous samples.
  • To identify the optimal sampling technique for accurate post mortem tryptase analysis in non-anaphylactic deaths.

Main Methods:

  • A 6-month prospective study involving 21 paired aspirated venous and arterial femoral blood samples.
  • Comparison of 19 paired aspirated and cutdown femoral venous blood samples.
  • Analysis focused exclusively on non-anaphylactic deaths to isolate sampling effects.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant differences were found between the tested sampling methods.
  • Four outlier cases exhibited higher tryptase levels in aspirated arterial and cutdown samples compared to aspirated venous samples.
  • Aspirated venous femoral post mortem tryptase levels remained below diagnostic cutoffs for anaphylaxis in all cases.

Conclusions:

  • Aspirating blood from a clamped femoral/external iliac vein is recommended as the gold standard for post mortem tryptase analysis.
  • Potential contamination by central blood may explain outlier results in arterial and cutdown samples.
  • Further research is needed to validate this method in both anaphylactic and non-anaphylactic cases.