Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems01:17

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems

876
Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
876
The Colonization of Land02:22

The Colonization of Land

37.6K
Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...
37.6K
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

38.5K
Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
38.5K
Positive, Negative, and Zero Work00:58

Positive, Negative, and Zero Work

22.1K
Work is done on an object when energy is transferred to the object. In other words, work is done when a force acts on a body that undergoes a displacement from one position to another. By definition, the work done by a force is the integral of the force with respect to the displacement along its path. Forces can vary as a function of position, and displacements can occur along various paths between two points. The magnitude of a force multiplied by the cosine of the angle that the force makes...
22.1K
Resistivity01:22

Resistivity

4.5K
When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
4.5K
Resistance01:19

Resistance

5.9K
When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
5.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Seismic noise in crystal neutron interferometry.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026
Same author

The genetic basis of tooth impaction: a systematic review.

Clinical oral investigations·2025
Same author

Postoperative risk of infection with klebsiella in adults - a retrospective case-control study.

The Journal of hospital infection·2025
Same author

Analytical workflow for comprehensive blood metabolomics analysis by GC-MS. Application to children with ventilator associated pneumonia.

Journal of chromatography. A·2025
Same author

Impact of a polyhexanide-based antiseptic skin solution on Candida auris colonization and invasive fungaemia.

The Journal of hospital infection·2024
Same author

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 shedding rate distribution of individuals during their disease days on the estimation of the number of infected people. Application of wastewater-based epidemiology to the city of Thessaloniki, Greece.

The Science of the total environment·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
08:19

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 7, 2020

11.4K

Colonization and Infection With Extensively Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Liver Transplant Recipients.

E Massa1, E Michailidou1, D Agapakis1

  • 1Intensive Care Unit, Hippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Transplantation Proceedings
|March 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) colonization before liver transplant significantly increases infection risk. Early detection through surveillance cultures is crucial for managing these high-mortality infections in transplant recipients.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria
12:57

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria

Published on: September 16, 2013

32.8K
Rapid Identification of Gram Negative Bacteria from Blood Culture Broth Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
13:29

Rapid Identification of Gram Negative Bacteria from Blood Culture Broth Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Published on: May 28, 2014

25.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
08:19

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 7, 2020

11.4K
Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria
12:57

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria

Published on: September 16, 2013

32.8K
Rapid Identification of Gram Negative Bacteria from Blood Culture Broth Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
13:29

Rapid Identification of Gram Negative Bacteria from Blood Culture Broth Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Published on: May 28, 2014

25.0K

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Rising prevalence of extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) infections post-solid organ transplantation.
  • High morbidity and mortality associated with these GNB infections.
  • Surveillance cultures (SC) as a key tool for GNB control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate colonization rates of extensively drug-resistant GNB in liver transplant recipients.
  • Assess the risk of subsequent infections in colonized patients.
  • Determine the clinical impact of colonization on transplant outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of liver transplant (LT) patients from January 2016 to January 2018.
  • Surveillance cultures (perirectal) performed pre-transplant and post-LT.
  • Data collection included demographics, colonization status, and 3-month clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Ten out of 44 (22.72%) LT recipients were colonized with carbapenem-resistant GNB (CR-GNB) pre-transplant.
  • 70% of colonized patients developed CR-GNB infections (bloodstream infections, pneumonia).
  • Colonized patients had longer ICU stays and higher mortality rates.

Conclusions:

  • Colonization with CR-GNB poses a significant 70% risk of subsequent infection in liver transplant patients.
  • High mortality and treatment challenges necessitate strategies to eliminate CR-GNB colonization.
  • Further research is vital for developing effective decolonization protocols.