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Changes in emotional processing following interoceptive network stimulation with rTMS.

Sandra Mai1, Julia Braun1, Viktoria Probst1

  • 1Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Germany.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inhibiting key interoceptive brain regions with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) blunted emotional responses. This suggests a causal link between interoceptive network activity and emotional processing, impacting both arousal and valence.

Keywords:
emotionsinsular cortexinteroceptionsomatosensory corticestranscranial magnetic stimulationvisual evoked potentials

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Theories of emotion link interoception and emotional experience, but underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Neurostimulation techniques like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) enable causal inference regarding brain function.
  • Investigating interoceptive networks is crucial for understanding emotional processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal role of frontotemporal insular and somatosensory cortices in interoception and emotional processing.
  • To examine the effects of inhibiting these regions using continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) on emotional evaluation and neural correlates.
  • To explore the relationship between interoceptive accuracy and emotional responses.

Main Methods:

  • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with a continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) protocol was applied to inhibit frontotemporal insular and right somatosensory cortices.
  • Interoceptive accuracy (IAc) for cardiac and respiratory signals was measured.
  • Emotional evaluation (valence, arousal) and neural responses (visual evoked potentials, N2/P3 amplitudes) to affective stimuli were assessed in 18 male participants.

Main Results:

  • Inhibition of interoceptive networks led to emotional flattening, characterized by reduced subjective valence ratings for affective stimuli.
  • Neural correlates showed increased N2 and decreased P3 amplitudes, indicating initial orientation followed by reduced attentional processing, particularly for positive stimuli.
  • Interoceptive accuracy (cardiac and respiratory) positively correlated with P3 amplitudes and negatively with positive valence ratings.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced activity in interoceptive network structures causally relates to blunted emotional processing of visual stimuli.
  • Both arousal and valence aspects of emotional processing are disturbed after inhibiting interoceptive regions.
  • Findings support peripheral theories of emotion and models of interoceptive predictive coding.