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Related Concept Videos

Schemas01:42

Schemas

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A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Author Spotlight: Rabies-Specific Antibody Isotypes Detection in Sera or Cerebral Spinal Fluid Using an IFA Test
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Update on rabies.

Alan C Jackson1

  • 1Departments of Internal Medicine (Neurology) and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, ajackson2@hsc.mb.ca.

Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine
|March 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human rabies is a fatal public health concern. While neuronal dysfunction was thought to cause disease, structural changes in neurons are now implicated in severe rabies outcomes, necessitating new therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
lyssaviruspathogenesisrabies virusviral encephalitis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Human rabies is nearly always fatal and a significant global public health issue.
  • Current understanding of rabies pathogenesis relies heavily on animal models, with unresolved questions remaining.
  • Hematogenous spread of rabies virus to the central nervous system is not considered a significant factor in pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on rabies pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To highlight recent findings suggesting structural neuronal changes contribute to severe rabies.
  • To emphasize the need for developing novel therapeutic approaches for human rabies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on rabies pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Analysis of recent evidence regarding the role of structural neuronal changes versus dysfunction in disease.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic methods including serology, skin biopsy, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva analysis.
  • Assessment of postexposure prophylaxis and current therapeutic interventions, including the "Milwaukee protocol".

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests structural changes in neuronal processes, not just dysfunction, may cause severe rabies.
  • Bat-transmitted rabies in North America often lacks a clear history of exposure, complicating diagnosis.
  • Current diagnostic methods involve serology and analysis of various biological specimens.
  • Postexposure prophylaxis is effective, but no consistently effective therapy exists for established rabies.

Conclusions:

  • Rabies pathogenesis involves complex mechanisms, with structural neuronal changes playing a key role in severe disease.
  • Improved understanding of basic pathogenesis is crucial for developing future therapies.
  • There is an urgent need for new and effective therapeutic strategies for human rabies.
  • Early diagnosis and prompt postexposure prophylaxis remain critical for preventing rabies.