Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

376
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
376
Egoism and Altruism01:55

Egoism and Altruism

93.4K
Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people is called prosocial behavior. Why do people help other people? Is personal benefit such as feeling good about oneself the only reason people help one another?
93.4K
Corrosion02:49

Corrosion

28.3K
The degradation of metals due to natural electrochemical processes is known as corrosion. Rust formation on iron, tarnishing of silver, and the blue-green patina that develops on copper are examples of corrosion. Corrosion involves the oxidation of metals. Sometimes it is protective, such as the oxidation of copper or aluminum, wherein a protective layer of metal oxide or its derivatives forms on the surface, protecting the underlying metal from further oxidation. In other cases, corrosion is...
28.3K
Quantifying Heat02:46

Quantifying Heat

62.0K
Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the...
62.0K
Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

90.1K
Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
A mixture is composed of two or...
90.1K
Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

11.9K
Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
11.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

tRNA-derived fragments are elevated in the aging brain and may contribute to neurodegeneration.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Cytotoxic T cell recognition of α-synuclein drives pathogenic immune responses in multiple system atrophy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Setting up an autonomic unit within the neurological department: a position statement of the European Federation of Autonomic Societies.

Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society·2026
Same author

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is the most frequent cardiovascular autonomic disorder following COVID-19 infection or vaccination.

Journal of neurology·2025
Same author

MeDeMSA care study protocol: developing personalized best medical care with integrated mobile palliative and telemedicine support for individuals with multiple system atrophy.

Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)·2025
Same author

CLEC16A in astrocytes promotes mitophagy and limits pathology in a multiple sclerosis mouse model.

Nature neuroscience·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
08:45

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes

Published on: May 10, 2022

2.4K

Iron in Neurodegeneration - Cause or Consequence?

Alain Ndayisaba1, Christine Kaindlstorfer1, Gregor K Wenning1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|March 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Iron overload causes brain damage in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Understanding iron's role is key to developing new treatments and biomarkers for these conditions.

Keywords:
autophagic-lysosomal dysfunctionironmitochondrial dysfunctionneurodegenerationneurodegenerative mechanismsneuroinflammationprotein aggregation

More Related Videos

Measurement of Tissue Non-Heme Iron Content using a Bathophenanthroline-Based Colorimetric Assay
05:08

Measurement of Tissue Non-Heme Iron Content using a Bathophenanthroline-Based Colorimetric Assay

Published on: January 31, 2022

5.6K
Mass Histology to Quantify Neurodegeneration in Drosophila
06:34

Mass Histology to Quantify Neurodegeneration in Drosophila

Published on: December 15, 2016

10.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
08:45

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes

Published on: May 10, 2022

2.4K
Measurement of Tissue Non-Heme Iron Content using a Bathophenanthroline-Based Colorimetric Assay
05:08

Measurement of Tissue Non-Heme Iron Content using a Bathophenanthroline-Based Colorimetric Assay

Published on: January 31, 2022

5.6K
Mass Histology to Quantify Neurodegeneration in Drosophila
06:34

Mass Histology to Quantify Neurodegeneration in Drosophila

Published on: December 15, 2016

10.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Iron dyshomeostasis contributes to neuronal damage in susceptible brain areas.
  • Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders are characterized by basal ganglia iron overload.
  • Elevated iron levels are implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize how iron acts as a trigger in neurodegenerative disorders.
  • To critically discuss treatments targeting brain iron dysregulation.
  • To evaluate iron as a potential biomarker in early disease stages.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on iron metabolism in neurodegeneration.
  • Analysis of the pathogenic mechanisms linking iron to neuronal damage.
  • Critical evaluation of current and emerging therapeutic strategies.
  • Assessment of iron's utility as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker.

Main Results:

  • Iron can act as both a primary and secondary trigger in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Specific brain regions are vulnerable to iron-induced damage due to dysregulation of iron homeostasis.
  • Iron dyshomeostasis is a common feature across various neurodegenerative conditions, including both genetic and sporadic forms.

Conclusions:

  • Iron dysregulation is a significant factor in neurodegeneration, necessitating further research into its precise roles.
  • Targeting iron metabolism presents a promising therapeutic avenue for conditions like AD and PD.
  • Iron's potential as an early diagnostic biomarker warrants continued investigation for improved patient outcomes.