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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Mitochondrial Research - mtHyper7 Biosensor for Subcellular Analysis
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Live-Imaging Readouts and Cell Models for Phenotypic Profiling of Mitochondrial Function.

Eligio F Iannetti1,2, Alessandro Prigione3, Jan A M Smeitink1,4

  • 1Khondrion BV, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Genetics
|March 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondria are vital for cellular functions beyond energy. Live-cell microscopy offers powerful image-based profiling to assess mitochondrial function and identify disease phenotypes for drug screening.

Keywords:
HCSassay developmentcell models of diseasecellomicsfluorescent probeslive cell microscopymitochondrial diseasepathological phenotype

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mitochondria, known as cellular powerhouses, are crucial for energy production, calcium, and redox homeostasis.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in rare genetic disorders and common human pathologies.
  • Understanding mitochondrial (dys)function is key to developing new therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the application of live-cell high-content microscopy for assessing mitochondrial function.
  • To review fluorescent reporters and imaging strategies for mitochondrial research.
  • To discuss the utility of human cell models and microscopy in disease detection and drug screening.

Main Methods:

  • Live-cell high-content microscopy for image-based phenotypic profiling.
  • Utilizing fluorescent reporters to monitor mitochondrial dynamics and function.
  • Employing human cell models for disease-associated phenotype detection.

Main Results:

  • Live-cell microscopy enables detailed assessment of mitochondrial (dys)function.
  • Various fluorescent reporters and imaging strategies can be applied.
  • Human cell models are valuable for studying mitochondrial disease phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Live-cell high-content microscopy is a powerful tool for mitochondrial research.
  • This approach aids in understanding disease mechanisms and facilitates drug discovery.
  • Further development of cell models and imaging techniques will advance mitochondrial medicine.