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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Alkanes02:23

Structure of Alkanes

33.2K
The formation of carbon-carbon bonds leading to the creation of the carbon chain is the basis of organic chemistry. August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper independently developed this idea of carbon chain formation.
Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds composed of carbons and hydrogens. Based on the bond order between carbons, the hydrocarbons are further classified into alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. 
Alkanes are the simplest hydrocarbons with sp3 hybrid carbon atoms....
33.2K
Nomenclature of Alkanes02:22

Nomenclature of Alkanes

26.6K
In the late 19th-century, the number of new chemical compounds discovered increased tremendously. Hence, the necessity arose to develop a naming system for the systematic nomenclature of these newly discovered compounds. IUPAC (International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry), established in 1919, sets rules for the nomenclature.
The alkane nomenclature considers the length of the carbon chain, the number, and the location of the substituent to arrive at its systematic name. The IUPAC...
26.6K
Oxidation Numbers03:14

Oxidation Numbers

42.5K
In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
42.5K
Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes02:18

Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes

22.1K
Organic compounds of the same molecular formula can have different structural formulas called constitutional isomers, and the phenomenon is known as constitutional isomerism. Alkanes with four or more carbons showing multiple structures with the same molecular formula thereby exhibit constitutional isomerism.
The linear isomer of an alkane is prefixed by the term “n”; hence a linear isomer of pentane is known as n-pentane. Based on the type of branching, some of the...
22.1K
Physical Properties of Alkanes02:33

Physical Properties of Alkanes

14.5K
Alkanes are nonpolar molecules due to the presence of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. The electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen is minimal, and hence alkanes have a zero dipole moment. This leads to the presence of only dispersion forces between the molecules. The strength of dispersion forces is dependent on the surface area of the molecules on which they act. Since the surface area increases with the molecular length for straight-chain alkanes, the dispersion forces also...
14.5K
Mass Spectrometry: Long-Chain Alkane Fragmentation01:18

Mass Spectrometry: Long-Chain Alkane Fragmentation

2.4K
The molecular ions of linear alkanes prefer to fragment at the carbon-carbon bond away from the end of the chain since the cleavage of an inner bond creates a stable carbocation and a stable radical. Consequently, the mass signals of linear alkanes feature intense peaks in the middle of the mass-to-charge ratio plot with weaker peaks on either end. The fragmentation of each carbon-carbon bond with the release of a methyl group in each splitting leads to prominent peaks in the mass spectra...
2.4K

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How to control selectivity in alkane oxidation?

Xuan Li1,2, Detre Teschner1,3, Verena Streibel1

  • 1Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany . Email: trunschke@fhi-berlin.mpg.de ; Tel: +49 30 8413 4457.

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|March 19, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that the particle shape of manganese tungstate (MnWO4) catalysts, not their crystal structure, dictates alkane oxidation selectivity. Varying particle shapes influence the abundance of active Mn2+/Mn3+ surface sites, impacting catalytic performance and selectivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Heterogeneous Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Alkane oxidation is crucial for producing valuable chemicals.
  • Catalyst selectivity limitations hinder efficient alkane oxidation.
  • Manganese tungstate (MnWO4) shows promise as an oxidation catalyst.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of particle morphology in MnWO4 catalyst selectivity for alkane oxidation.
  • To elucidate the origin of selectivity limitations in MnWO4-catalyzed reactions.
  • To establish design criteria for improved alkane oxidation catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermal synthesis of MnWO4 catalysts with controlled particle morphologies (cubes to rods/needles).
  • Kinetic studies to assess propane consumption rates.
  • Comprehensive characterization including XRD, SEM, STEM, XPS, Raman, DRIFT/FTIR, TPO, NEXAFS, and DFT calculations.

Main Results:

  • Catalyst particle shape significantly influences propane consumption rate.
  • The active phase is a manganese oxy-hydroxide layer on MnWO4.
  • Particle shape acts as a proxy for the abundance of redox-active Mn2+/Mn3+ surface sites, correlating with activity.
  • Operando FTIR confirmed Mn-OH species formation and suggested a single-site mechanism for active site regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Catalyst particle morphology, not bulk structure, is critical for alkane oxidation selectivity.
  • The abundance of redox-active Mn surface sites, modulated by particle shape, governs catalytic performance.
  • Understanding these structure-activity relationships enables the rational design of more selective oxidation catalysts.