Human psittacosis: a review with emphasis on surveillance in Belgium

Joanna Rybarczyk1, Charlot Versteele1, Tinne Lernout2

  • 1Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Acta Clinica Belgica
|March 19, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Chlamydia psittaci causes psittacosis, a bird-borne disease. Psittacosis cases in Belgium are underestimated due to underdiagnosis and underreporting, necessitating increased awareness and better diagnostic tools.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Human Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Chlamydia psittaci is a bacterium responsible for psittacosis in humans.
  • Human infections primarily occur through occupational or companion bird exposure.
  • Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic cases to severe pneumonia and systemic illness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on psittacosis.
  • To examine legal and regulatory aspects of psittacosis.
  • To present epidemiological data for psittacosis in Belgium.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on psittacosis.
  • Analysis of legal and regulatory frameworks.
  • Epidemiological data analysis of reported cases in Belgium.

Main Results:

  • A slow increase in reported Chlamydia psittaci laboratory results in Belgium since 2010, with a notable rise in 2017.
  • The mandatory notification system captured only 24% of positive laboratory results over a 3-year period.
  • Psittacosis cases are likely significantly underdiagnosed and underreported in Belgium.

Conclusions:

  • Increased awareness of psittacosis among healthcare professionals and the public is crucial.
  • Policies to reduce the burden of psittacosis are warranted.
  • Enhanced legal and financial support for improved Chlamydia psittaci diagnostics is needed.

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