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Human psittacosis: a review with emphasis on surveillance in Belgium
Joanna Rybarczyk1, Charlot Versteele1, Tinne Lernout2
1Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Abstract:
Chlamydia psittaci causes psittacosis in humans, mainly in persons in contact with birds in either the setting of occupational or companion bird exposure. Infection is associated with a range of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic infection to severe atypical pneumonia and systemic disease. This paper reviews new knowledge on psittacosis, its legal and regulatory aspects and presents epidemiological data on psittacosis in Belgium. In Belgium, the number of reported positive laboratory results increased slowly since 2010, and in 2017, the number almost doubled compared to the two previous years. The number of psittacosis cases in Belgium, as in other countries, is probably highly underestimated, because of underdiagnoses and underreporting. Over the 3-year period, the mandatory notification system registered 24% only of all reported positive laboratory result. Therefore, increased awareness among general and occupational physicians, clinicians and the public is needed. Policies aimed at reducing psittacosis disease burden are justified, nevertheless national health authorities should provide more legal and financial support to implement more adequate C. psittaci diagnostic tools.
Insights
Chlamydia psittaci causes psittacosis, a bird-borne disease. Psittacosis cases in Belgium are underestimated due to underdiagnosis and underreporting, necessitating increased awareness and better diagnostic tools.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Human Medicine
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Chlamydia psittaci is a bacterium responsible for psittacosis in humans.
- Human infections primarily occur through occupational or companion bird exposure.
- Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic cases to severe pneumonia and systemic illness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on psittacosis.
- To examine legal and regulatory aspects of psittacosis.
- To present epidemiological data for psittacosis in Belgium.
Main Methods:
- Literature review on psittacosis.
- Analysis of legal and regulatory frameworks.
- Epidemiological data analysis of reported cases in Belgium.
Main Results:
- A slow increase in reported Chlamydia psittaci laboratory results in Belgium since 2010, with a notable rise in 2017.
- The mandatory notification system captured only 24% of positive laboratory results over a 3-year period.
- Psittacosis cases are likely significantly underdiagnosed and underreported in Belgium.
Conclusions:
- Increased awareness of psittacosis among healthcare professionals and the public is crucial.
- Policies to reduce the burden of psittacosis are warranted.
- Enhanced legal and financial support for improved Chlamydia psittaci diagnostics is needed.
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