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Related Concept Videos

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity01:22

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity

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Nonlinearity in drug pharmacokinetics is caused by various factors influencing how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Understanding these nonlinear processes is crucial for predicting drug behavior in the body and optimizing drug dosing regimens.
Nonlinear drug absorption can occur when the process is rate-limited by solubility, carrier-mediated transport systems, or saturation of the presystemic gut wall or hepatic metabolism. For instance, high doses of riboflavin...
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Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

19.8K
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
19.8K
Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

4.0K
Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
4.0K
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:19

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview

1.1K
Nonlinear or dose-dependent pharmacokinetics is a phenomenon that occurs when the pharmacokinetic parameters of certain drugs deviate from linear pharmacokinetics at higher doses. These drugs do not follow the expected first-order kinetics, where the rate of drug elimination is directly proportional to the drug concentration. Instead, they exhibit a nonlinear relationship, which can be attributed to several factors.
Nonlinearity can arise due to the saturation of plasma protein-binding or...
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Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:01

Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

3.6K
Hydrolysis of acid halides is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which acid halides react with water to give carboxylic acids. The reaction occurs readily and does not require acid or a base catalyst.
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic...
3.6K
Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation01:22

Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation

1.5K
Chlorine isotopes exist as 35Cl and 37Cl in a 3:1 ratio, while bromine isotopes exist as 79Br and 81Br in a 1:1 ratio. The mass spectrum of alkyl halides typically produces two distinct molecular ion peaks, the molecular ion peak, [M], and the molecular ion plus two, [M + 2] peak. The relative heights of these two peaks are proportional to the isotopic abundance ratios of the halide. For example, 2‐chloropropane and 1‐bromopropane display two peaks with relative peak heights in a 3:1 and...
1.5K

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Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications
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Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications

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Halide Perovskites for Nonlinear Optics.

Jialiang Xu1, Xinyue Li1,2, Jianbo Xiong1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Halide perovskites exhibit remarkable nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, making them promising for advanced photonic devices. This review covers their NLO characteristics and applications in areas like lasers and modulators.

Keywords:
lasingmultiphoton absorptionnonlinear opticsperovskitessecond harmonic generation

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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Halide perovskites are versatile semiconductors with applications in photovoltaics, LEDs, photodetectors, and lasers.
  • Recent research highlights their significant nonlinear optical (NLO) properties due to unique chemical and electronic characteristics.
  • These properties are crucial for developing next-generation photonic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state-of-the-art in nonlinear optics of halide perovskites.
  • To categorize halide perovskites (hybrid organic/inorganic and pure inorganic) and summarize their NLO properties.
  • To analyze the performance of halide perovskites in NLO devices and present future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of nonlinear optical properties in halide perovskites.
  • Categorization of materials into hybrid organic/inorganic and pure inorganic types.
  • Analysis of second-, third-, and higher-order NLO properties and device performance.

Main Results:

  • Halide perovskites demonstrate significant NLO properties across various orders.
  • Their performance in NLO devices, including upconversion lasers and ultrafast laser modulators, is analyzed.
  • The review provides a comprehensive summary of their NLO characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Halide perovskites are highly promising for nonlinear optics applications.
  • Further research into their NLO properties can drive advancements in photonic devices.
  • Potential future research directions are identified for these materials.