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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Integrating Visual Psychophysical Assays within a Y-Maze to Isolate the Role that Visual Features Play in Navigational Decisions
07:09

Integrating Visual Psychophysical Assays within a Y-Maze to Isolate the Role that Visual Features Play in Navigational Decisions

Published on: May 2, 2019

Self-reported navigation ability is associated with optic flow-sensitive regions' functional connectivity patterns

Lauren Zajac1,2, Heather Burte3, Holly A Taylor3

  • 1Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.

Brain and Behavior
|March 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Good spatial navigation skills are linked to stronger communication between optic flow-sensitive brain regions and navigation centers during visual path integration. This finding helps explain why people differ in their navigation abilities.

Keywords:
fMRIhumansoptic flowparietal lobespatial abilityspatial navigation

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Integrating Visual Psychophysical Assays within a Y-Maze to Isolate the Role that Visual Features Play in Navigational Decisions
07:09

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Published on: May 2, 2019

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Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

Assessing Human Spatial Navigation in a Virtual Space and its Sensitivity to Exercise
06:17

Assessing Human Spatial Navigation in a Virtual Space and its Sensitivity to Exercise

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Spatial navigation is a complex cognitive skill with poorly understood individual variability.
  • Path integration, a component of navigation, relies on optic flow for self-motion information.
  • Understanding factors influencing navigation ability is crucial for cognitive research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between self-reported navigation ability and functional connectivity (FC) between optic flow-sensitive (OF-sensitive) cortical regions and key navigation areas.
  • To determine if FC strength predicts navigation skills during specific spatial tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to identify OF-sensitive regions.
  • FC was mapped between OF-sensitive regions, retrosplenial cortex, and hippocampus during visual path integration (VPI) and turn counting (TC) tasks.
  • Correlations were performed between navigation ability (Santa Barbara Sense of Direction scale) and FC strength.

Main Results:

  • FC strength between the left cingulate sulcus visual area (L CSv) and the right retrosplenial cortex/hippocampus was positively associated with navigation ability during VPI.
  • Similar associations were found for the right CSv (R CSv) and right retrosplenial cortex during VPI.
  • These specific relationships were observed only during the VPI task.

Conclusions:

  • Perceived spatial navigation ability is associated with communication efficiency between OF-sensitive and navigationally relevant brain regions.
  • This communication may reflect accurate transformation of visual motion into spatial representations.
  • The findings offer insights into the neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in spatial navigation.