Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

43.6K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
43.6K
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

46.3K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
46.3K
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

30.2K
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
30.2K
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

91.4K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
91.4K
Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

114.8K
Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
114.8K
Trial and Error and Algorithm01:12

Trial and Error and Algorithm

401
A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have distinct action plans. Trial and error involves trying different solutions until one works. For instance, to fix a broken printer, you might check ink levels, ensure the paper tray isn't jammed, and verify the printer's connection to your laptop. This method can be time-consuming but is commonly used. Thomas Edison, for example, used trial and error to find a suitable filament for the light...
401

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development of a Detection Method for Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor and Its Application in Predicting Prognosis of Severe COVID-19.

Scandinavian journal of immunology·2026
Same author

A telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of <i>Nymphaea minuta</i> provides details into the developmental transcriptome atlas and adaptive regulatory mechanisms.

Horticulture research·2026
Same author

Captodative Radicals Enable the Coexistence of Monomer and Dimer Single-Molecule Junctions with 100-Fold Difference in Conductance.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Human papillomavirus infection and the risk of uveitis: a propensity-score-matched electronic health record study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Real-World Utilization and Initial Experience with Aflibercept-ayyh (PAVBLU<sup>®</sup>) for Retinal Disorders in United States Retina Practices: A Descriptive Retrospective Analysis.

Ophthalmology and therapy·2026
Same author

A Self-Assembled Cage Binds Xenon via Xe-F Dispersion Interactions.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Deep learning-based dose prediction to enhance planning efficiency in cervical brachytherapy with hybrid applicators.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum: Referenceless MR thermometry-a comparison of five methods (2017<i>Phys. Med. Biol</i>.<b>62</b>1-16).

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum: Measured and Monte Carlo simulated electron backscatter to the monitor chamber for the varian TrueBeam linac (2016<i>Phys. Med. Biol</i>.<b>61</b>8779).

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum: 3D range-modulator for scanned particle therapy: development, Monte Carlo simulations and experimental evaluation (2017<i>Phys. Med. Biol</i>.<b>62</b>7075).

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Recent progress in applications of computing to radiotherapy (ICCR 2016).

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Novel TMS coils designed using an inverse boundary element method.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Dynamic Lung Tumor Tracking for Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation Therapy
08:17

Dynamic Lung Tumor Tracking for Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation Therapy

Published on: June 7, 2015

16.2K

A track repeating algorithm for intensity modulated carbon ion therapy.

Qianxia Wang1,2, Antony Adair1,2, Yu Deng3

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, MS 315, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, United States of America.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|March 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Fast Dose Calculator (FDC) algorithm, initially for proton therapy, has been extended for carbon ion therapy. Validation confirms its accuracy for calculating dose distributions and DVHs, meeting clinical acceptance criteria.

More Related Videos

Method for the Assessment of Effects of a Range of Wavelengths and Intensities of Red/near-infrared Light Therapy on Oxidative Stress In Vitro
08:16

Method for the Assessment of Effects of a Range of Wavelengths and Intensities of Red/near-infrared Light Therapy on Oxidative Stress In Vitro

Published on: March 21, 2015

9.1K
Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy
08:51

Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy

Published on: April 3, 2018

9.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Dynamic Lung Tumor Tracking for Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation Therapy
08:17

Dynamic Lung Tumor Tracking for Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation Therapy

Published on: June 7, 2015

16.2K
Method for the Assessment of Effects of a Range of Wavelengths and Intensities of Red/near-infrared Light Therapy on Oxidative Stress In Vitro
08:16

Method for the Assessment of Effects of a Range of Wavelengths and Intensities of Red/near-infrared Light Therapy on Oxidative Stress In Vitro

Published on: March 21, 2015

9.1K
Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy
08:51

Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy

Published on: April 3, 2018

9.5K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • The Fast Dose Calculator (FDC) is a track repeating Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm.
  • Previous work validated FDC for proton therapy.
  • Extending FDC to carbon ion therapy is crucial for advanced treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the Fast Dose Calculator (FDC) algorithm for calculating carbon ion dose distributions.
  • To validate the extended FDC algorithm against Geant4 simulations.
  • To assess the clinical applicability of FDC for carbon ion therapy planning.

Main Methods:

  • The FDC algorithm was adapted for carbon ion calculations.
  • 3D dose distributions and DVHs were computed using FDC and Geant4.
  • Gamma-index analysis and dosimetric index comparison were performed on 19 patient cases.
  • Data included prostate, brain, head and neck, lung, and spine patient data.

Main Results:

  • FDC demonstrated high accuracy in calculating carbon ion dose distributions.
  • Gamma-index passing rates exceeded 90% (1%/1mm), 98% (2%/2mm), and 99.9% (3%/3mm).
  • Root mean square differences for key dosimetric indices were within 0.8%, meeting clinical norms.

Conclusions:

  • The extended FDC algorithm accurately calculates carbon ion dose distributions.
  • FDC is a validated tool for carbon ion therapy planning, showing excellent agreement with Geant4.
  • The algorithm's performance meets established clinical acceptance standards.