Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cell Size

Cell Size

Cell sizes vary widely among and within organisms. Bacterial cells range between 1-10 micrometers (μm)and are considerably smaller than most eukaryotic cells. The smallest bacteria are 0.1 μm in diameter—about a thousand times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which typically range from 10-100 μm.
Surface Area
Cells can take in nutrients and water via diffusion through the plasma membrane itself or through specific channels in the membrane. The area of the membrane surrounding...

Brick Sizes

Brick Sizes

Brick sizing plays a crucial role in construction, influencing both the aesthetics and structural integrity of buildings. Bricks are defined by three dimensions: width, thickness, and length. They are commonly designed to fit modular measurements, typically in multiples of 4 inches or 8 inches in width, to facilitate uniform construction and compatibility with other building materials.
Modular bricks are the most common type and are sized to include the mortar joint, which is essential for...

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Maximum Size of Aggregate

Maximum Size of Aggregate

The maximum size of aggregate is defined as the aperture of the sieve retaining 15 percent or more of the particles present in the aggregate sample. The aggregate's maximum size impacts the concrete's water requirement, workability, and strength. Larger aggregates reduce the surface area needing cement paste coverage, which can lower water needs, thereby allowing a decrease in the water-to-cement ratio when the desired workability and richness of the mix are to be maintained, which can...

Sample Size Calculation

Sample Size Calculation

Knowledge of the sample size is the first requirement to conduct random sampling or an experiment. The sample size is the total number of units, observations, or groups (in some cases) used to get the data to estimate a population parameter. As the name suggests, the sample size is that of the sample drawn from the population and differs from the population size.
The sample size for the given experiment or sampling effort is fundamental to any study design. Sample size decides the number of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

<b>The Silphinae (Staphylinidae) and Agyrtidae of Kentucky with an illustrated key to the fauna of eastern North America</b>.

Zootaxa·2026

Same author

Complex Pitch Perception Deficits in Dyslexia Persist Regardless of Previous Musical Experiences.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2025

Same author

Salience maps for judgments of frontal plane distance, centroids, numerosity, and letter identity inferred from substance-invariant processing.

Journal of vision·2025

Same author

A review of implementation intentions as a tool to benefit high-need patients and healthcare systems: U.S. veterans affairs as an exemplar.

Patient education and counseling·2023

Same author

Deriving the number of salience maps an observer has from the number and quality of concurrent centroid judgments.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2023

Same author

Which Intervention Strategies Promote the Adoption and Maintenance of Physical Activity? Evidence From Behavioral Trials With Cancer Survivors.

Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Analyzing the Size, Shape, and Directionality of Networks of Coupled Astrocytes

Analyzing the Size, Shape, and Directionality of Networks of Coupled Astrocytes

Published on: October 4, 2018

How can observers use perceived size? Centroid versus mean-size judgments.

Laris M Rodriguez-Cintron¹, Charles E Wright¹, Charles Chubb¹

¹Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.

Journal of Vision

|March 19, 2019

Summary

Statistical representations guide environmental perception. This study found observers efficiently use item size for centroid judgments but less efficiently for mean size estimations, impacting how we process visual data.

More Related Videos

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

Nanosponge Tunability in Size and Crosslinking Density

Nanosponge Tunability in Size and Crosslinking Density

Published on: August 4, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Analyzing the Size, Shape, and Directionality of Networks of Coupled Astrocytes

Analyzing the Size, Shape, and Directionality of Networks of Coupled Astrocytes

Published on: October 4, 2018

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

Nanosponge Tunability in Size and Crosslinking Density

Nanosponge Tunability in Size and Crosslinking Density

Published on: August 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Visual Perception
Information Processing

Background:

Statistical representations are aggregate environmental properties.
These representations are often perceived automatically and preattentively.
Investigating the efficiency of using these representations in different tasks is crucial for understanding perception.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if observers utilize similar environmental information with equal postfilter efficiency across different tasks.
To compare the efficiency of using item size information in centroid judgments versus mean size judgments.
To explore the flexibility of visual attention in utilizing or ignoring specific environmental cues.

Main Methods:

Participants performed two tasks: judging the centroid of spatially arrayed items and judging the mean size of items.
Item size was a relevant factor for both tasks.
Postfilter efficiency was measured to quantify how effectively observers used size information.

Main Results:

Observers could efficiently utilize item size for centroid judgments when instructed.
Observers could almost completely ignore item size for centroid judgments when instructed.
Observers incorporated individual item sizes into mean size estimations with low efficiency compared to centroid judgments.

Conclusions:

Visual perception can flexibly utilize or ignore specific statistical information based on task demands.
The efficiency of processing statistical environmental information differs significantly between tasks like centroid and mean size judgments.
Understanding these differences is key to explaining how the brain processes aggregate environmental properties.