[Overview of risk factors for failed percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy in lumbar disc herniation]

The lumbar disc herniation is a common and recurrent disease in the department of orthopedics. At present, the treatment means mainly include conservative treatment and surgical treatment. Compared with traditional open surgery, percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) is safe, effective, economical and minimally invasive. It is widely used in minimally invasive treatment of lumbar disc herniation. However, the clinical reports of the failure of PTED are also common. According to the research reports of domestic and foreign scholars, there are varieties of risk factors for surgical failures, including the selections of patients, indications, surgical approaches and anesthesia methods preoperative. Occurrences of surgical complications including infection or left pains, and reasonable rehabilitation exercise after the operation are related to failures. There is no unified conclusion at present. In this paper, we reviewed the literatures about failed PTED, and try to make an overview about the general situation of failed operation in clinical practice, the risk factors for failures and the countermeasures.