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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
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Modified Single-Loop Reconstruction for Pancreaticoduodenectomy
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FOB vs modified Irwin: What are we doing?

David V Gauvin1, Zachary J Zimmermann1

  • 1Neurobehavioral Sciences, Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Mattawan, MI, USA.

Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
|March 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Modified Irwin test and Functional Observation Battery (FOB) are the same assay for assessing central nervous system (CNS) drug effects. Standardizing nomenclature to FOB improves clarity in safety pharmacology.

Keywords:
CNS safetyFOBFunctional observational batteryICH S7AIrwin screenModified Irwin screen

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Nonclinical safety assessment relies on assays to evaluate drug effects on the central nervous system (CNS).
  • The Modified Irwin test and Functional Observation Battery (FOB) are widely considered distinct methods for CNS assessment in drug development.
  • The International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines incorporate safety pharmacology assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the notion that the Modified Irwin test and FOB are separate assays.
  • To assert that both terms refer to a single, unified functional observational assay.
  • To advocate for standardized nomenclature in scientific disciplines, removing surname attribution.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of nonclinical safety assessment and historical assay development.
  • Analysis of the origins and evolution of behavioral screening methods in pharmacology.
  • Comparative examination of the methodologies described for the Irwin test and FOB.

Main Results:

  • The Irwin screen, developed by Samuel Irwin in 1968, is functionally identical to the Functional Observation Battery (FOB).
  • Both terms describe a unitary behavioral screening assay for measuring drug effects in laboratory animals.
  • Historical attempts to unify scientific nomenclature support the consolidation of these terms under FOB.

Conclusions:

  • The Modified Irwin test and FOB are not distinct; they represent the same functional assay.
  • Adopting 'Functional Observation Battery' as the standard nomenclature enhances clarity and consistency in safety pharmacology.
  • Standardized, non-attributional naming conventions, like FOB, are crucial for scientific progress and understanding.