Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

14.8K
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
14.8K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

4.3K
4.3K
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

75.4K
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
75.4K
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

10.8K
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
10.8K
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

72.8K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
72.8K
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

9.9K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
9.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

TEDLH: Domain HMMs for sensitive detection of remote homologues.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Introduction to the Special Collection: Early Earth Environments and the Origins of Life.

Astrobiology·2026
Same author

Throughput Benchmarking and Throughput Variance Analysis to Evaluate the Efficiency of an Outpatient Endoscopy Unit.

Journal of medical systems·2026
Same author

Rethinking the Last Universal Common Ancestor of Life: Network Convergence and the Root of the Tree.

Astrobiology·2026
Same author

Systematic Quantification of Protein O-GlcNAcylation Reveals Common and Cell-Type-Specific Responses to N-Glycosylation Inhibition in Human Cells.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Promoting Effects of Urinary Proteins from Stone Formers and Influence of Their Physicochemical Properties on Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Formation.

Computational and structural biotechnology journal·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Depletion of Ribosomal RNA for Mosquito Gut Metagenomic RNA-seq
06:21

Depletion of Ribosomal RNA for Mosquito Gut Metagenomic RNA-seq

Published on: April 7, 2013

20.1K

G-Quadruplexes in Human Ribosomal RNA.

Santi Mestre-Fos1, Petar I Penev2, Suttipong Suttapitugsakul3

  • 1Center for the Origin of Life, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA; School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|March 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) tentacles in humans contain stable G-quadruplexes. These structures, found in Chordata rRNA, may influence ribosome function and protein binding.

Keywords:
Chordatesexpansion segmentshelicasespolysomesrRNA

More Related Videos

Assessment of DNA Contamination in RNA Samples Based on Ribosomal DNA
13:16

Assessment of DNA Contamination in RNA Samples Based on Ribosomal DNA

Published on: January 22, 2018

22.2K
Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification TRAP for RNA Isolation from Endothelial Cells In Vivo
08:53

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification TRAP for RNA Isolation from Endothelial Cells In Vivo

Published on: May 25, 2019

12.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Depletion of Ribosomal RNA for Mosquito Gut Metagenomic RNA-seq
06:21

Depletion of Ribosomal RNA for Mosquito Gut Metagenomic RNA-seq

Published on: April 7, 2013

20.1K
Assessment of DNA Contamination in RNA Samples Based on Ribosomal DNA
13:16

Assessment of DNA Contamination in RNA Samples Based on Ribosomal DNA

Published on: January 22, 2018

22.2K
Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification TRAP for RNA Isolation from Endothelial Cells In Vivo
08:53

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification TRAP for RNA Isolation from Endothelial Cells In Vivo

Published on: May 25, 2019

12.4K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a highly abundant cellular polymer.
  • Mammalian rRNAs are larger than prokaryotic ones due to expansion segments with tentacles.
  • The function of these rRNA expansion segments remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural and functional properties of rRNA expansion segments in Homo sapiens.
  • To identify potential G-quadruplex structures within rRNA tentacles.
  • To explore the implications of these structures for ribosome biology.

Main Methods:

  • Computational analysis
  • Circular dichroism
  • UV melting
  • Fluorescent probes
  • Nuclease accessibility assays
  • Electrophoretic mobility shift assays
  • Mass spectrometry for protein identification

Main Results:

  • Identified 10 tandem G-tracts at the terminus of a Homo sapiens rRNA tentacle forming stable G-quadruplexes in vitro.
  • Characterized these G-quadruplexes using various biophysical and biochemical techniques.
  • Discovered that G-quadruplex-forming sequences are common in Chordata large subunit rRNA but not other species.
  • Identified helicases and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins binding to rRNA G-quadruplexes.

Conclusions:

  • G-quadruplexes are a novel structural feature of ribosomes in Chordata.
  • These structures may contribute to ribosome plasticity and function.
  • The interaction of G-quadruplexes with specific proteins suggests a regulatory role in ribosome biology.