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Megaphylogeny resolves global patterns of mushroom evolution.

Torda Varga1, Krisztina Krizsán1, Csenge Földi1

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This summary is machine-generated.

Mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) underwent a major evolutionary radiation starting in the Jurassic period. The evolution of the classic toadstool form was a key innovation, driving increased fungal diversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Phylogenetics

Background:

  • Mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) exhibit remarkable morphological diversity and ecological importance.
  • Their evolutionary history and diversification patterns remain incompletely understood due to a lack of comprehensive phylogenetic data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a large-scale, dated molecular phylogeny of mushroom-forming fungi.
  • To infer major patterns of speciation, extinction, and morphological evolution within Agaricomycetes.

Main Methods:

  • Assembly of a phylogenetic tree using multigene and genome-based data for 5,284 species.
  • Analysis of divergence times, speciation/extinction rates, and morphological innovations.

Main Results:

  • Agaricomycetes experienced a rapid, class-wide radiation beginning in the Jurassic, coinciding with coniferous forest expansion and climate warming.
  • The evolution of the "toadstool" morphology (pileate-stipitate) occurred convergently during the Cretaceous-Paleogene, associated with increased lineage diversification.
  • A significant increase in mushroom diversity commenced during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic radiation event.

Conclusions:

  • The Jurassic period marked the start of a major adaptive radiation for mushroom-forming fungi.
  • The classic toadstool morphology represents a key evolutionary innovation, significantly promoting diversification.
  • Environmental factors, including climate and plant community composition, likely influenced fungal evolution and diversification.