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The Adult with Post-operative Congenital Heart Disease: a Systematic Echocardiographic Approach
Amrit Misra1, Chenni Sriram2, Pooja Gupta1
1Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48201-2119, USA.
Insights
Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are increasing, and echocardiography is key for managing repaired congenital heart defects (CHD). This review highlights essential echocardiographic findings for practitioners caring for ACHD patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD)
Background:
- The population of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is growing, now exceeding pediatric cases.
- Over 1 million adults are currently living with congenital heart disease (CHD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review commonly repaired congenital heart defects (CHD) in adults.
- To focus on echocardiographic findings for recognizing and managing ACHD patients.
Main Methods:
- Review of commonly seen repaired congenital heart defects in the adult population.
- Emphasis on echocardiographic findings.
Main Results:
- Echocardiography is the primary diagnostic and management tool for ACHD patients.
- 2018 guidelines recommend transthoracic echocardiography for all ACHD patients.
Conclusions:
- Cardiologists must be familiar with echocardiographic features of repaired CHD in adults.
- Echocardiography is crucial for the assessment and management of the growing ACHD population.
Purpose Of Review:
This article attempts to review some of the commonly seen repaired congenital heart defects in the adult population (ACHD), with a focus on important echocardiographic findings that may assist a practitioner in recognizing and managing this group of patients.
Recent Findings:
The prevalence of ACHD population is increasing, and currently, there are over 1 million adults with congenital heart disease. At the current time, the total number of ACHD patients exceeds the total number of pediatric patients with CHD. The recently released 2018 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) recommends transthoracic echocardiography for all ACHD patients for initial assessment and serial assessment as needed (class of recommendation: I) and echocardiography remains the mainstay for diagnosing and managing these patients in adjunct with other available imaging modalities. It is imperative for all cardiologists to be familiar with the echocardiographic features of the commonly seen repaired CHD in adult population.
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