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Quantifying spatiotemporal variation in headwater stream length using flow intermittency sensors.

Carrie K Jensen1,2, Kevin J McGuire3,4, Daniel L McLaughlin3,4

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Flow intermittency sensors accurately map temporary streams in headwater regions. Sensor data revealed stream network dynamics, showing longer wet stream length during storm event rising limbs than falling limbs.

Keywords:
Flow intermittencyHysteresisStream lengthTemporary streams

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrology
  • Geomorphology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Headwater regions feature dynamic temporary streams, posing challenges for mapping and modeling.
  • Flow intermittency sensors offer a novel, high-resolution method to study stream network dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of flow intermittency sensors in characterizing wet stream length.
  • To investigate the temporal and spatial variability of stream networks in headwater catchments.
  • To explore the relationship between topography and stream flow duration.

Main Methods:

  • Installed 51 flow intermittency sensors in a 33-hectare headwater catchment over 10 months.
  • Recorded water presence/absence every 15 minutes to calculate wet network proportion.
  • Correlated flow duration with topographic metrics to analyze spatial controls.

Main Results:

  • Sensor data validated field measurements, confirming sensor efficacy.
  • Observed significant hysteresis in wet stream length, with longer durations on rising limbs.
  • Topography partially explained flow duration, with entrenched valleys and large contributing areas showing distinct patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Flow intermittency sensors are effective tools for studying dynamic stream networks.
  • Stream network behavior exhibits complex temporal (hysteresis) and spatial (topographic) controls.
  • Further research on stream length variability can enhance understanding of headwater processes.