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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

A Novel Approach for Documenting Phosphenes Induced by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Published on: April 1, 2010
[A review on methods for offline removing of artifacts in electroencephalography induced by transcranial magnetic
1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, school of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R.China.
Abstract:
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with electroencephalography(EEG) has become an important tool in brain research. However, it is difficult to remove the large artifacts in EEG signals caused by the online TMS intervention. In this paper, we summed up various types of artifacts. After introducing a variety of online methods, the paper emphasized on offline approaches, such as subtraction, principal component analysis and independent component analysis, which can remove or minimize TMS-induced artifacts according to their different characteristics. Although these approaches can deal with most of the artifacts induced by TMS, the removal of large artifacts still needs to be improved. This paper systematically summarizes the effective methods for artifacts removal in TMS-EEG studies. It is a good reference for TMS-EEG researchers while choosing the suitable artifacts removal methods.
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