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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

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Published on: August 5, 2014

Two-year dynamic functional network connectivity in clinically isolated syndrome.

Maria A Rocca¹, Milagros Hidalgo de La Cruz², Paola Valsasina²

¹Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy/Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)

|March 20, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Early changes in brain functional connectivity in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients may indicate a protective mechanism. These findings in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggest preserved clinical function despite early network reorganization.

Keywords:

Multiple sclerosis clinically isolated syndrome default-mode network dynamic functional network connectivity longitudinal resting state

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Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits

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Published on: April 15, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Neurology
Systems Neuroscience

Background:

Functional network connectivity (FC) reorganization in early multiple sclerosis (MS) remains understudied.
Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) represents the earliest clinical stage of MS, offering a critical window for investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate early functional connectivity changes in CIS patients using static and dynamic resting-state (RS) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis.
To identify mechanisms underlying clinical dysfunction and recovery in the early stages of MS.

Main Methods:

Prospective acquisition of RS-fMRI and clinical data from 50 CIS patients and 13 healthy controls (HC) at baseline, 12, and 24 months.
Analysis of between-group differences and longitudinal evolution of FC across 41 functional networks.
Comparison of static and dynamic FC measures, including connectivity states and global dynamism.

Main Results:

At follow-up, 47 patients transitioned to MS with stable, low disability.
Baseline CIS patients showed reduced connectivity in default-mode and cerebellar networks (state 2) but no difference in global dynamism compared to HC.
Follow-up revealed increased state 2 connectivity strength and global dynamism in patients compared to HC, with selective FC reduction in affected networks.

Conclusions:

Longitudinal modifications in functional connectivity occur early in MS.
These early FC changes may serve as a compensatory or protective mechanism.
Such reorganization could contribute to preserving clinical function over time in MS patients.