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Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

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Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
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Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

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The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Whole Body Vibration Methods with Survivors of Polio
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Acute Flaccid Myelitis: Lessons From Polio.

Janet R Gilsdorf1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor.

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|March 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) outbreaks share similarities with polio cases. Viruses like enterovirus A71 and D68 may cause AFM, even if not found in cerebrospinal fluid.

Keywords:
acute flaccid myelitisenteroviruspoliopoliomyelitispoliovirus

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Poliomyelitis eradication in the US has been followed by acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) outbreaks.
  • The causation of AFM remains a significant public health question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and laboratory findings of poliomyelitis and AFM.
  • To explore potential viral etiologies for AFM.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical poliomyelitis cases and recent AFM outbreaks.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, clinical characteristics, and laboratory results.
  • Investigation of viral isolation from respiratory and stool specimens.

Main Results:

  • Similarities identified between poliomyelitis and AFM cases in epidemiology and clinical presentation.
  • Viral illnesses often precede AFM occurrences.
  • Enteroviruses A71 and D68 are frequently isolated from respiratory or stool samples in AFM patients.

Conclusions:

  • Enteroviruses, including enterovirus A71 and D68, are potential causative agents of AFM.
  • The absence of virus detection in cerebrospinal fluid does not rule out an etiologic role, mirroring poliovirus detection patterns.