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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

667
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
667
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
3.5K
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

202
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
202
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

266
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
266
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

242
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
242

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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
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Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

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Ageing and Osteoarthritis.

Pradeep Kumar Sacitharan1

  • 1Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. pradeep86@hotmail.co.uk.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|March 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoarthritis, the most common arthritis, increases with global lifespan. Research now focuses on cartilage aging and its role in osteoarthritis to develop new treatments beyond joint replacement surgery.

Keywords:
AgingCartilageChondrocytesOsteoarthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Orthopedics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis, increasing with global lifespan.
  • Cartilage erosion in OA causes pain and significant loss of function.
  • Current treatments for OA are limited, with joint replacement surgery as the primary end-point intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis, which remains understudied.
  • To investigate the role of cartilage aging in the development of OA.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of OA, including physiology, clinical aspects, and cellular aging processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical and basic research on osteoarthritis.
  • Analysis of the physiology of cartilage tissue.
  • Examination of cellular aging processes implicated in OA pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • The abstract does not contain specific results but outlines the scope of the chapter.
  • It highlights that age is the primary risk factor for OA.
  • It emphasizes the lack of disease-modifying treatments for OA.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cartilage aging is crucial for developing novel OA therapies.
  • Further research into OA pathophysiology is needed to address the lack of disease-modifying treatments.
  • This chapter aims to consolidate current knowledge on OA, focusing on aging mechanisms.