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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Aging01:26

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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An Engineered Split-TET2 Enzyme for Chemical-inducible DNA Hydroxymethylation and Epigenetic Remodeling
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Down Syndrome, Ageing and Epigenetics.

Noémie Gensous1, Claudio Franceschi1,2,3, Stefano Salvioli1,2

  • 1DIMES- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|March 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Down syndrome (DS) subjects experience accelerated aging, particularly in the brain and immune system. This review explores aging hallmarks and epigenetics, focusing on DNA methylation in DS.

Keywords:
AgeingDown syndromeEpigenetic clockEpigenetics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Improved life expectancy in Down syndrome (DS) necessitates understanding accelerated aging.
  • Aging in DS significantly impacts the central nervous and immune systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of brain and immune system aging in DS.
  • To discuss the biological hallmarks of aging specific to the DS population.
  • To examine the role of epigenetics, particularly DNA methylation, in DS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of aging in Down syndrome.
  • Analysis of biological hallmarks of aging.
  • Focus on epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation.

Main Results:

  • DS is characterized by accelerated aging processes affecting key systems.
  • Specific biological hallmarks of aging are prominent in DS.
  • Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, are critical in DS aging.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding accelerated aging in DS is crucial for improving health outcomes.
  • Further research into DS epigenetics, especially DNA methylation, is warranted.
  • Targeting aging pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for individuals with DS.