Volatile Anesthetics versus Total Intravenous Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery

Giovanni Landoni¹, Vladimir V Lomivorotov¹, Caetano Nigro Neto¹+44

• ¹From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., R.L., N.D.T., M.C., M.P., A.B., A.M.S., M.G.C., A.Z.), and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), Milan, Istituto di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua (C.C.), Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome (F.E.A.), and Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Policlinico S. Orsola, Bologna (M.B.), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università Magna Graecia di Catanzaro, Catanzaro (P.N.), Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano (G.C.), the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, and the Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin (L.B.), and the Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine (T.B.) - all in Italy; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk (V.V. Lomivorotov, V.A.S., D.N.P.), the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.V.P.) and Cardiac Surgery (D.G.T.), Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery Astrakhan, Astrakhan, the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, First Moscow State Medical University (V.V.P., V.V. Likhvantsev), and the Department of Intensive Care, Moscow Regional Clinical and Research Institute (V.V. Likhvantsev), Moscow, the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ural Institute of Cardiology, Ekaterinburg (A.L.), the Laboratory for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint Petersburg (A.E.B.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Scientific Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (E.V.G.) - all in Russia; the Anesthesia Section, Department of Surgery, Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (C.N.N.), the Department of Cardiopneumology, Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, and the Intensive Care Unit, Hospital SirioLibanes (L.A.H.), and the Cardiac Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (R.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, and the Clinical Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb (N.B.), and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University North, Varaždin (N.B.) - both in Croatia; the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Cardiovascular Institute Dedinje (G.G., M.J.), and the School of Medicine, University of Belgrade (M.J.), Belgrade, Serbia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi (C.L.), and the Center for Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (J.M.) - both in China; the Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit and Anesthesia Department, Mohammed Bin Khalifa Cardiac Center, Riffa, Bahrain (N.A.R.B.); the Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal (F.S.S.); the Department of Anesthesia, King Abdullah Medical City-Holy Capital, Makkah (A.M.G.A.F.), and the Anesthesiology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam (M.R.E.-T.) - both in Saudi Arabia; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Acibadem City Clinic-Cardiac Surgery Center, Burgas, Bulgaria (N.S.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Medicine, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital (J.K.), and the Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (H.R.), Prague, Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); the Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig (A.M.E.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Mansoura University, Mansoura (M.A.H.) - both in Egypt; and the School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).