Dietary inflammatory index is associated with increased risk for prostate cancer among Vietnamese men

Inflammatory potential of diet, as measured by the dietary inflammatory index (DII), has consistently been associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer (PCa). However, data has largely been reported in populations with more proinflammatory dietary patterns, whereas there is high diversity in dietary pattern worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the association between DII scores and the risk for PCa in Vietnam.

A case-control study of 652 participants (244 incident PCa patients, 64-75 y of age, and 408 controls, frequency matched for age) was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from 2013 to 2015. Habitual diet was ascertained using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), whereas other factors, including demographic and lifestyle characteristics, were assessed via face-to-face interviews. The daily intake of pro- and anti-inflammatory nutrients for each participant was calculated from the FFQ and used to estimate individuals' energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models.

Comparing the middle and highest versus lowest tertile of DII scores, there was an increased risk for overall PCa. The OR and associated 95% CI was 2.63 (1.61-4.37) and 3.35 (2.06-5.53), respectively (P_trend < 0.01). Similar results were found for low-moderate and high-grade PCa. The respective ORs (95% CI) were 3.34 (1.66-7.13) and 5.29 (2.69-11.18), P_trend < 0.001, and 2.51 (1.40-4.63) and 2.57 (1.43-4.73), P_trend 0.006.

A proinflammatory diet was associated with increased risk for PCa among Vietnamese men.