Preparation of a novel bone wax with modified tricalcium silicate cement and BGs

Amino-grafted and vaterite-contained tricalcium silicate cement (A-V-C₃S) was composited with 58S bioglass/chitosan/carboxy methyl cellulose (BG/CS/CMC, referred as BGs) to surmount the non-absorbability and infection problems of traditional bone wax. Its material, bioactive, biocompatible and antibacterial properties were systematically characterized. The results revealed that A-V-C₃S/BGs possessed self-setting, injectable, mechanical and degradable abilities. A-V-C₃S/BGs (1:1 g/g) was optimum owing to its higher compressive strength (9.91 MPa) and lower pH value (7.6 to 8.1) in the test groups. In vitro immersion experiment demonstrated that A-V-C₃S/BGs had good hydroxyapatite formation ability, and its excellent cell adhesion, low cytotoxicity and superior cell proliferation were verified by mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cells in cell tests. Compared with A-V-C₃S, antibacterial experiment illustrated the significantly enhanced antibacterial property of A-V-C₃S/BGs to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.