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Buffer Effectiveness02:19

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Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
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A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...
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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Buffer capacity is the quantitative measure of a buffer to resist the change in pH. As shown in the following equation, the buffer capacity, denoted by 'beta', is expressed as the number of moles of acid or base needed to change the pH of a one-liter buffer solution by 1 unit. Here, Ca and Cb indicate the number of moles of acid and base, respectively. Note that dpH represents the change in pH.
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Buffering the Breach: Examining the Three-Way Interaction Between Unit Climate Level, Strength, and Psychological

Jos Akkermans1, P Matthijs Bal2,3, Simon B De Jong4

  • 1School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

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Summary

High unit commitment and agreement buffer negative effects of psychological contract breach (PCB). This social context helps employees reframe PCB, reducing adverse impacts on work engagement and turnover intentions.

Keywords:
conservation of resource theory (COR)psychological contract breachsocial information processing (SIP) theoryturnover intentionsunit climatework engagement

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Area of Science:

  • Organizational Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Human Resource Management

Background:

  • Psychological contract breach (PCB) research primarily focuses on individual outcomes.
  • The buffering effect of social context, specifically unit climate, on PCB experiences is under-researched.
  • Unit climate literature highlights the importance of both climate level and strength (homogeneity).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate the unit climate and psychological contract breach (PCB) literatures.
  • To investigate the moderating role of unit climate strength and level on the relationship between PCB and employee outcomes.
  • To test a theoretical framework linking unit commitment climate (level and strength) to PCB's impact on work engagement and turnover intentions.

Main Methods:

  • Multilevel structural path analysis.
  • Utilized data from 1,272 employees across 36 healthcare units.
  • Examined a three-way interaction between unit climate level, unit climate strength, and individual PCB.

Main Results:

  • A significant three-way interaction was found, supporting the hypothesis.
  • High and homogeneous unit commitment buffered the negative effects of PCB on work engagement.
  • High and homogeneous unit commitment also mitigated the impact of PCB on turnover intentions.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the crucial role of the social context, specifically strong and homogeneous unit commitment, in mitigating negative psychological contract breach (PCB) outcomes.
  • Findings integrate unit climate and PCB literature, answering calls for more "social PCB research".
  • Provides practical insights for organizations on fostering supportive unit climates to enhance employee well-being and reduce turnover.