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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Evaluating the Impact of Hydraulic Fracturing on Streams using Microbial Molecular Signatures
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Repeat disturbances have cumulative impacts on stream communities.

Jessica M Haghkerdar1,2, Jack R McLachlan1,3, Alexis Ireland1

  • 1School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine Orono Maine.

Ecology and Evolution
|March 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Disturbance frequency, not just recovery time, shapes ecosystems. Repeated disturbances impact rare species and alter community composition, affecting future ecological responses.

Keywords:
community compositiondiversitydominanceresiliencevulnerability

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Climate change is altering ecosystem disturbance regimes.
  • Disturbance frequency influences community composition by selecting for tolerant taxa.
  • Distinguishing disturbance frequency from time since last disturbance is challenging due to confounding successional processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and examine the effect of disturbance frequency on aquatic macroinvertebrate community composition.
  • To disentangle the influence of disturbance frequency per se from recovery time.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in-situ stream mesocosms to control disturbance frequency.
  • Applied substrate moving disturbances at five distinct frequencies, with the final disturbance synchronized across all treatments.
  • Sampled macroinvertebrate communities after a standardized 9-day recovery period.

Main Results:

  • Macroinvertebrate community composition varied significantly along the disturbance frequency gradient.
  • Family-level richness and diversity metrics decreased with increasing disturbance frequency, indicating potential loss of functional diversity.
  • Overall macroinvertebrate abundance remained stable, as rapid recovery of dominant taxa compensated for losses of disturbance-vulnerable species.

Conclusions:

  • Cumulative effects of repeated disturbances, independent of recovery time, significantly alter community structure.
  • Increasing disturbance frequency disproportionately affects rare taxa, potentially leading to reduced biodiversity.
  • The history of disturbances influences a system's resilience and future response to environmental change.