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Determination of cadmium in bread and biscuit samples using ultrasound-assisted temperature-controlled ionic liquid
Analú P Santos1,2, Márcio Js Dos Santos2, Maria das Graças Andrade Korn1
1Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
A new method using ultrasound-assisted temperature-controlled ionic liquid microextraction (TC-IL-LPME) offers a simple and sensitive way to detect cadmium in food. This technique provides accurate results for cadmium determination in bread and biscuit samples.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal requiring sensitive detection methods.
- Existing methods for cadmium analysis can be complex and time-consuming.
- Development of rapid, efficient, and eco-friendly preconcentration techniques is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for cadmium preconcentration.
- To determine cadmium levels in food samples like bread and biscuits.
- To offer an economical and ecological alternative for cadmium analysis.
Main Methods:
- Ultrasound-assisted temperature-controlled ionic liquid microextraction (TC-IL-LPME) for cadmium preconcentration.
- Utilized 1-Hmim[PF6] as the ionic liquid and 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (Br-PADAP) as a complexing agent.
- Cadmium quantification using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS).
Main Results:
- Achieved a detection limit of 2.0 ng/L and an enrichment factor of 24 under optimized conditions.
- Demonstrated accuracy by analyzing certified reference material (BCR-191) of brown bread.
- Successfully determined cadmium in bread and biscuit samples with recoveries ranging from 93% to 107%.
Conclusions:
- The proposed TC-IL-LPME method is a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly approach for cadmium determination.
- This method offers high sensitivity and accuracy for analyzing cadmium in food matrices.
- The technique is suitable for routine analysis of cadmium in bread and biscuit samples.
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